Biological Contributions
Biological Contributions - Related Videos
11:15
Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise
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Cited by 59 •
2012
This protocol allows researchers focused on exercise and sports sciences to determine the relative contribution of three different energy systems to the total energy expenditure during a large variety of exercises.
01:25
Contribution Margin
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2026
Understanding contribution margin helps businesses evaluate how individual products contribute to covering costs and generating profit. It is calculated as the difference between selling price per unit and teh variable cost per unit.The contribution margin is the portion of sales revenue remaining after variable costs are deducted. This amount is used to cover fixed costs and generate profit. Unlike gross margin, contribution margin excludes fixed production costs, making it useful for...
01:22
Contribution Margin Ratio
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2026
The contribution margin ratio measures the portion of each sales dollar available to cover fixed costs and generate profit after variable costs have been deducted. It provides a simple way to evaluate profitability and operational efficiency.The ratio is calculated as:Contribution Margin Ratio = Contribution Margin ÷ Total SalesSince contribution margin equals total sales minus total variable costs, the ratio shows how much of every sales dollar remains after paying variable expenses. For...
01:23
Wechsler's Contribution to Measures of Intelligence
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2025
David Wechsler, a psychologist who worked with World War I veterans, developed a significant IQ test in 1939 called the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale. This test was innovative because it combined several subtests that measured both verbal and nonverbal skills, reflecting Wechsler's belief that intelligence is a global capacity involving purposeful action, rational thinking, and effective interaction with the environment. This test later evolved into the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale...
01:23
Binet's Contribution to Measures of Intelligence
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2025
Alfred Binet, along with his student Théophile Simon, was tasked by the French Ministry of Education in 1904 to create a method for identifying students who struggled to learn through conventional classroom instruction. This initiative aimed to address overcrowding by placing such students in specialized schools. Binet and Simon developed an intelligence test comprising 30 tasks, ranging from simple commands, like touching one's nose or ear, to more complex tasks, such as drawing designs from...
FAQs
Biological contributions are best interpreted through gene-environment interaction rather than genes alone. Inherited traits can shape a person’s vulnerability or tendency, while environmental conditions influence how those tendencies are expressed. This multi-cause view helps psychologists explain why people exposed to similar circumstances may differ in cognition, emotion, motivation, or behavior.
Neurotransmitter signaling, hormones, and neural activity provide different biological routes through which psychological processes may be influenced. Researchers examine these processes to connect physiological activity with cognition, emotion, motivation, and behavior. Considering several biological pathways together supports a broader explanation than attributing a psychological outcome to one process alone.
Brain-network function helps researchers examine how coordinated neural activity relates to mental life and behavior. This perspective complements the study of individual brain structures by emphasizing interactions within the brain. It is especially relevant when explaining complex outcomes such as cognition, emotion, and psychological disorders, which usually reflect multiple interacting causes.
Researchers investigate biological contributions with genetic, neuroimaging, and psychophysiological methods. Genetic approaches address inherited influences, neuroimaging approaches examine brain-related structure or activity, and psychophysiological approaches examine physiological processes associated with psychological states. Used together, these methods provide complementary evidence instead of treating any single biological measure as a complete explanation.
Findings about genes, brain function, neural activity, hormones, and related physiology can inform psychological assessment, prevention, and treatment. In the context of depression, anxiety, and neurodevelopmental disorders, biological evidence helps connect observed difficulties with underlying physiological processes. It therefore supports approaches that consider both biological influences and the person’s broader environment.
The biological perspective contributes to research on cognition, emotion, motivation, development, and psychological disorders. Researchers can use biological evidence to study how these areas vary among individuals and how physiological processes interact with environmental conditions. In psychology, this approach provides scientific context for understanding behavior without reducing every outcome to biology alone.