Name: electron transfer in redox
Uploaded: 2019-03-11T09:21:00.000Z
Duration: 1 min 24 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Earth and Environmental Science

Earth's Systems

ESS.EES.3.1

Redox Reactions

- [Anlatıcı] Oksidasyon indirgemesi ya da redoks tepkimeleri esnasında elektronlar atomlar arasında aktarılır.
 Elektron veren molekül oksitlenir, elektron alan molekül de indirgenir.
 Daha az pozitif bir yüke sahip olur.
Örneğin, nötr sodyum ve klor atomları iyonlara dönüştüğünde sodyum bir elektron kaybeder, oksitlenir ve klor da elektron kazanarak indirgenir.
 Ayrıca, elektron veren moleküle indirgen madde adı verilirken, elektron alan moleküle oksitleyici madde denir.
 Yani, sodyum oksitlenir, bu yüzden indirgen maddedir, klor ise indirgenir, bu yüzden oksitleyici maddedir.

Çiçekler, P., Theopold, K., Langley, R., Robinson, W. R., Clark, M. A., Douglas, M., Choi, J. Bölüm 4.2: Kimyasal Reaksiyonların Sınıflandırılması. Kimyada 2e. Stax'ı açın. Houston, Teksas (2019).

redoks reaksiyonları

Oksidasyon—indirgeme veya redoks reaksiyonları, bir atomdan elektronların, oksitleyici ajan olan elektronu alan başka bir atoma aktarılması yoluyla atomların oksidasyon durumlarını değiştirir. Burada elektron veren atom oksitlenir —elektron kaybeder— ve elektronları kabul eden atom indirgenir —elektron kazandığı için daha az pozitif yüke sahiptir. Redoks reaksiyonlarında enerjinin hareketi, atomların bağ elektronlarını — elektronegatifliklerini — çekme potansiyeline bağlıdır. Oksitleyici ajan, indirgeyici ajandan daha elektronegatif ise, enerji açığa çıkar. Bununla birlikte, oksitleyici madde, indirgeyici maddeden daha az elektronegatif ise, enerji girişi gereklidir.

<h4>Azaltıcı Ajanlar Oksitlenir</h4>

Oksidasyon bir elektron kaybı mıdır yoksa kazancı mıdır? Terminoloji kafa karıştırıcı olabilir. OIL (İngilizce olarak kısaltma; Oxidation Is Lost, Reduction Is Gain) kısaltması genellikle hatırlamak için kullanılır. Oksidasyon kaybı anlamına gelir; azalma kazançtır. Yani bir atom oksitlenirse elektron kaybeder. İndirgeyici bir ajan olarak, oksitlenmiş atom elektronları başka bir atoma aktararak indirgenmesine neden olur. OIL RIG akılda tutularak, redoks reaksiyonunun üyeleri hakkındaki çoğu soru yanıtlanabilir.

<h4>Elektronegatiflik ve Enerji</h4>

Redoks reaksiyonları enerji üretir veya gerektirir. Bir atom daha elektronegatif bir atoma karşı bir elektron kaybederse, o zaman enerjik olarak uygun bir reaksiyondur ve enerji açığa çıkar. Bu aslında çok mantıklıdır — daha zayıf bir adamla bir çekişme kazanan güçlü bir adamınkine benzer — çünkü daha elektronegatif bir atomun elektronları kendine çekme kapasitesi daha fazladır. Bu tür reaksiyonun biyolojik bir örneği, enerjinin salındığı ve hücrelerin kolayca kullanabileceği bir enerji formu olan ATP’yi oluşturmak için kullanıldığı hücresel solunumdur.

Diğer redoks reaksiyonları, salınım yerine enerji gerektirir. Bir elektron daha elektronegatif bir atomdan daha az elektronegatif bir atoma geçerse, enerji kullanılmalıdır. Bu, halat çekme oyununu daha güçlü bir adamla kazanan daha zayıf bir adam gibidir — bu, dış kaynaktan enerji gerektirir. Biyolojik bir örnek olan, elektronların sudan karbondioksite ışık şeklinde enerji yardımı ile aktarıldığı fotosentezdir.

<h4>Elektronların Eksik Transferi</h4>

Bir redoks reaksiyonu yalnızca bir elektron transfer edildiğinde değil, aynı zamanda bir elektronun kovalent bir bağdaki paylaşımında bir değişiklik olduğunda da meydana gelebilir! Örneğin, metan ve oksijen reaksiyona girdiğinde karbondioksit ve su verirler. Bu durumda metandaki karbon oksitlenir. Bunun nedeni, metan içindeki elektronların karbon ve hidrojen arasında eşit olarak paylaşılmasıdır, oysa karbondioksitteki karbon kısmen pozitiftir çünkü oksijen, elektronları karbondan daha fazla çeker.

Redoks Reaksiyonları

Oksidasyon-indirgeme veya redoks reaksiyonları, elektronların bir molekül veya atomdan diğerine transferini içerir. Bir atom bir elektron kazandığında, bir başkası ...

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electron transfer in redox

Redox reactions are chemical reactions that involve electron transfer between atoms or molecules. When one particle gains electrons, another must lose them at the same time. That is why oxidation and reduction always happen together.

The two roles in a redox reaction are linked. The atom that is oxidized acts as the reducing agent, or reductant. The atom that is reduced acts as the oxidizing agent, or oxidant. A simple way to remember the ideas is OIL-RIG, which means oxidation is losing electrons and reduction is gaining electrons.

Redox reactions also change oxidation states, or oxidation numbers. An oxidation state is the charge an atom would have if all of its bonds were purely ionic. Checking whether oxidation numbers change in the reactants can help identify a redox reaction.

A sodium and chlorine reaction makes this idea clear. Sodium is oxidized, and chlorine is reduced to form sodium chloride. The process can be shown with half-reactions, which separate the fate of each reactant. In these equations, sodium goes from an oxidation number of 0 to 1+, while chlorine in Cl2 goes from 0 to 1-.

Electron transfer is not always complete. A redox reaction can also happen when the sharing of electrons changes in a covalent bond. Methane and oxygen can react to form carbon dioxide and water. In methane, electrons are shared equally between carbon and hydrogen, but in carbon dioxide the carbon is partially positive because oxygen pulls electrons more strongly. In that reaction, carbon dioxide is oxidized and oxygen is reduced.

Electron Transfer in Redox

the periodic table and organismal elements

the-periodic-table-and-organismal-elements

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redox reactions

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cohesion

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solvents

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key terms and concepts

Learn how redox reactions move electrons, change oxidation states, and use half-reactions to track sodium, chlorine, methane, and oxygen.

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JoVE Core serisi, biyolojinin ana konseptlerini açıklayan 300 adet kısa ve kolay anlaşılabilir olan video dersleriyle ve günümüz laboratuvarlarında yürütülen gerçek araştırmaları gösteren 150'den fazla \"bilim insanları iş başında\" videolarıyla biyolojiye hayat vermektedir.

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Electron Transfer in Redox

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