Name: anatomical terms and body position
Uploaded: 2023-06-23T15:38:43.000Z
Duration: 1 min 20 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

ohios-learning-standards-and-model-curriculum

Ohio’s Learning Standards and Model Curriculum

9-12

Human Anatomy and Physiology

Levels Of Organization

Anatomical Terminology

Standart anatomik terminoloji, insan vücudunun yapısını ve iç organizasyonunu incelemek için evrensel olarak kullanılır.
Bu terimler genellikle Yunanca veya Latince'den türetilmiş köklere, öneklere veya soneklere sahiptir. Kök, kelimenin bir organa, dokuya veya duruma atıfta bulunabilen merkezi kısmıdır. 
Örneğin, kök gastro mideye atıfta bulunur. Yukarıdaki anlamına gelen epi'yi kökün önüne önek olarak eklemek, midenin üzerindeki konumu tanımlayan epigastrik terimini oluşturur.
Bu son ek, iltihaplanma anlamına gelir. Onu köke bağlamak arthro-, eklemler anlamına gelir, artrit terimini oluşturur. Benzer şekilde, bronşit ve gastrit, sırasıyla akciğerlerin ve midenin bir kısmının iltihaplanması anlamına gelir.
Benzer şekilde, anatomik yönleri anlamak için anatomistler standart anatomik referans pozisyonunu kullanırlar. Örneğin, bir kişi öne bakacak şekilde dik durduğunda, vücudun ön tarafına ön veya ventral taraf denir ve sırta arka veya sırt tarafı denir.
Bu nedenle, kalp omurganın önünde ve sternumun arkasındadır.

anatomik terminoloji

Anatomi bilgisine sahip olmak, insan biyolojisini ve tıbbı anlamak için önemlidir. Anatomistler ve sağlık profesyonelleri, insan vücudunu daha kesin ve belirsizlik olmadan betimlemek için standart bir terimler kullanırlar. Anatomik terimlerin çoğu Yunanca ve Latince kökenli kelimelerden oluşur. Bu diller nadiren konuşmada kullanıldığı için, kelimelerin anlamı aynı kalır. Her terim, önekler ve sonekler arasında bir kökten oluşur. Terimin kökü genellikle bir organa, dokuya veya duruma işaret ederken, önek veya sonek genellikle kökü açıklar. Örneğin, hipertansiyon bozukluğunda, önek "hiper-" "yüksek" veya "üstü" anlamına gelir ve kök kelime "tansiyon" basıncı ifade eder, bu nedenle "hipertansiyon" terimi anormal yüksek kan basıncını ifade eder.

Anatomistler vücudu nasıl görüntülediklerini standartlaştırır. Standart anatomik referans pozisyonu, paralel ayaklarıyla dik bir şekilde duran, omuzları geniş ve ayak parmakları öne bakacak şekildedir. Üst ekstremite her iki yanına yerleştirilir ve ellerin avuç içi ileriye bakar. Rutin muayene ve işlemler sırasında özellikle karışıklığı en aza indirmek için anatomik referans pozisyonunu takip etmek, vücut bölümünü bulmak veya başvuruda bulunmak için önemlidir. Örneğin, karpal bölgesindeki bir yara bileği avuç içine yönlendirilir. Yönlenmeyle ilgili olarak, yere yatırılmış vücut yüzükoyun (yüz aşağı) veya sırtüstü (yüz yukarı) yönlendirme şeklinde tarif edilir.

Ayrıca, insan vücut bölgeleri belirli bir yapı, organ veya dokunun yerini, sayısını veya rengini belirtmek için özel terimlere sahiptir. Örneğin, "brachium" terimi "üst kolunu" ifade ederken, "antebrachium" veya "ön kol" terimi "alt kol" yerine kullanılır. Farklı vücut yapılarının göreli konumlarını açıklarken terimler önem kazanır. Örneğin, başın vücudun alt kısmına göre konumunu tanımlamak için sıklıkla "üst" ve "alt" terimlerinden yararlanılır.

Kısa tarih

Terminologia Anatomica (TA), dünya çapında kullanılan insan anatomik terminolojide uluslararası standarttır. Anatomik Terminoloji Federatif Komitesi ve Anatomistler Uluslararası Federasyonu tarafından 1998 yılında geliştirilmiş ve yayınlanmıştır. Önceki standart olan Nomina Anatomica'yı değiştirmiştir. Terminologia Histologica (TH), TA'nın eşlik eden bir metnidir ve 2008'de yeniden adlandırılmış olan Federatif Uluslararası Anatomik Terminoloji Komitesi (FICAT) tarafından yayınlanmıştır. TA, yaklaşık 7500 insan brüt (makroskopik) anatomik yapı için terminoloji içerirken, TH mikroskopik düzeyde hücresel yapılar, doku ve organlar için terminoloji içerir.

Bu metin <a href="https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-6-anatomical-terminology">Openstax, Anatomy and Physiology 2e, Section 1.6: </a><a href="https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-6-anatomical-terminology">Anatomical Terminologies</a>.

Anatomik Terminoloji

Anatomi bilgisi, insan biyolojisini ve tıbbını anlamak için çok önemlidir. Anatomistler ve sağlık uzmanları, tanımlamak için standart terminoloji kullanırlar ...

Education

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomi ve Fizyoloji

Unit 1

Ünite 1

Introduction to the Human Body

İnsan Vücuduna Giriş

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TEMEL TERİMLER VE KAVRAMLAR

anatomical terms and body position

Anatomical terms help describe the human body clearly in biology and medicine. Health care professionals and anatomists use this standard language to avoid confusion and to make descriptions more precise. Most anatomical words come from Greek and Latin roots, and these roots usually stay the same because the languages are rarely used in everyday conversation.

Many anatomical words are built from a root plus a prefix or suffix. The root often names an organ, tissue, or condition. The prefix or suffix then changes the meaning of that root. For example, in hypertension, the prefix &quot;hyper-&quot; means high or over, and the root &quot;tension&quot; refers to pressure. Together, the word means abnormally high blood pressure.

Anatomists also use a standard anatomical reference position to describe the body. In this position, a person stands upright with parallel feet, shoulders wide, toes forward, and the arms at the sides. The palms face ahead. Using this common position helps people locate body parts with less confusion during exams and procedures.

Orientation terms also matter when describing body position. A body lying face down is called prone, and a body lying face up is called supine. Location terms are used for specific regions as well. For example, brachium means upper arm, and antebrachium means forearm rather than lower arm. A scar on the carpal is on the palm side of the wrist, and terms such as superior and inferior help compare the head with the lower part of the body.

These terms are part of international standards used worldwide. Terminologia Anatomica, or TA, was developed by the Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology and the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists and released in 1998. It replaced Nomina Anatomica. A related reference, Terminologia Histologica, or TH, was published in 2008 by the renamed Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology. TA covers about 7,500 gross anatomical structures, while TH covers cellular structures, tissue, and organs at the microscopic level.

Anatomical Terms and Body Position

overview of anatomy and physiology

How Anatomy and Physiology Work Together

Human anatomy studies the structures of the body. Some body structures are so small that they can only be seen and examined with a microscope. Others are large enough to be viewed, handled, measured, and weighed. The word anatomy comes from a Greek root meaning “to cut apart.” Early study of the human body began with observing the outside of the body and the injuries seen in soldiers and other patients. Later, physicians were allowed to dissect dead bodies to learn more. Dissection means...

structural organization of the human body: an overview

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functions of life

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what is homeostasis?

Homeostasis and Negative Feedback

Homeostasis keeps the body’s internal conditions stable. The body does this by holding each physiological condition near a set point. A set point is the value around which the normal range changes, and the normal range is the small group of values that is healthiest and most stable. Human body temperature is a common example. Its set point is about 37°C, or 98.6°F, and it can shift a little above or below that point while still staying in range. Negative feedback helps maintain homeostasis.

negative and positive feedback

Feedback Loops in Body Balance

Negative and positive feedback help keep body conditions stable. These feedback loops control many body processes and support homeostasis, which is the maintenance of a steady internal environment. Negative feedback reduces a change and brings a system back toward its normal state. Positive feedback increases a change and pushes a process further in the same direction. Together, they show how the body can fine-tune responses when conditions shift. These control systems are important in many...

homeostatic imbalance

How Feedback Failure Disrupts Homeostasis

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anatomical terminology

Anatomical terms help describe the human body clearly in biology and medicine. Health care professionals and anatomists use this standard language to avoid confusion and to make descriptions more precise. Most anatomical words come from Greek and Latin roots, and these roots usually stay the same because the languages are rarely used in everyday conversation. Many anatomical words are built from a root plus a prefix or suffix. The root often names an organ, tissue, or condition. The prefix or...

anatomical positions

Body Positions Used in Anatomy

Body positions used in anatomy give a shared way to describe where body parts are and how they face. These standard references help people talk about anatomical structures with the same meaning. The anatomical position is the main reference point for body orientation. In anatomical position, the body stands upright and faces forward. The feet are parallel and flat on the floor. The arms rest at the sides with the palms facing forward, and the head and eyes point forward. The most common...

regional terms

Anatomy Regions and Body Landmark Terms

Anatomy regions and body landmark terms help identify specific parts of the human body. These regional terms divide the body into areas with structures that support similar functions. They also make it easier to describe the exact area affected by an injury or disease. The human body is organized into two major regions: the axial region and the appendicular region. The axial region includes the body from the head to the abdomen and forms the central body axis. The appendicular region includes...

directional terms

Anatomical Direction and Body Position

Anatomical direction and body position terms help describe where one body structure is located in relation to another. These terms use comparisons, such as one tissue being inferior to another or a tumor being superficial to a deeper structure. They are based on the standard anatomical reference position, which uses the body in an upright pose. Anterior and posterior are a common pair of directional terms. Anterior, also called ventral, means toward the front of the body. Posterior, also...

body planes

Anatomy Sections and Body Planes

Anatomy sections and body planes are imaginary flat surfaces used to divide the body for study. They help show the orientation, relationships, and spatial layout of anatomical structures. These reference planes are also useful for describing organs and body parts in a standard way. The sagittal plane divides the body or an organ vertically into right and left sides. When that cut goes through the middle and makes equal halves, it is called the midsagittal or median plane. When it makes unequal...

anatomical movements

Body Joint Motion Terms

Body joint motion terms describe how bones and muscles move at different joints. These standard names make it easier to talk about range of motion in the body. They are used to describe actions at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist, fingers, toes, and spine. Flexion and extension are movements in the sagittal plane, also called the anterior-posterior plane. Flexion is the forward bending motion of the head or vertebral column. Extension is the backward movement or straightening of a joint,...

abdominal regions and quadrants

Abdominal Pain and Organ Location

The abdominal cavity is divided into quadrants and regions to help locate organs and describe pain clearly. Clinicians and anatomists use imaginary lines to mark the abdominopelvic cavity. This system makes it easier to communicate about a patient’s symptoms or a suspicious mass. The simpler method divides the area into four quadrants. One horizontal line and one vertical line cross at the umbilicus, or navel. These quadrants are the right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left upper...

key terms and concepts

Learn how anatomical terms, body position, and standard reference language help scientists and health professionals describe the human body clearly.

Anatomical Terms and Body Position | JoVE K12

anatomy and physiology

JoVE Core Anatomi ve Fizyoloji, insan vücudunun anatomik ve fizyolojik ayrıntılarını kapsamlı, net ve ilgi çekici video animasyonlarıyla sergiliyor. Bu ders koleksiyonu insan vücudunun yapıları, bileşenleri, işlevleri ve gereksinimlerine odaklanmaktadır. Bu bilginin gerçek dünyadaki tıp ve araştırma ortamlarında uygulanmasını gösteren eylem halindeki bilim insanıvideolarıyla tamamlanmaktadır.

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Characteristics of Life

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Negative and Positive Feedback

Homeostatic Imbalance

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pH Homeostasis

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Regional Terms

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Directional Terms

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Body Planes

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Abdominal Regions and Quadrants

To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient&#39;s abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians ...

Anatomical Terminology

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Anatomical Terms and Body Position

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