Name: gut and environment bacteria in bacteroidota
Uploaded: 2025-06-12T09:22:13.000Z
Duration: 1 min 26 s
Channel: JoVE

Bacteroidota filumu, Bacteroidales, Cytophagales, Flavobacteriales ve Sphingobacteriales olmak üzere dört sıraya sınıflandırılmış Gram-negatif çubuklar içerir. Bacteroidales takımı esas olarak zorunlu olarak anaerobik, fermentatif bakterileri içerir. Özellikle, Bacteroides cinsi, insan kalın bağırsağındaki mikrobiyal biyokütlenin önemli bir bölümünü oluşturur. Cytophagales takımı, öncelikle, genellikle sivri uçlu, tipik olarak uzun, ince çubuklar olan zorunlu aerobları içerir. Cytophaga, selüloz, agar ve kitini parçalayabilen önemli bir Cytophagales cinsidir. Flavobacteriales takımı, yaygın Flavobacterium cinsini ve kutup sularında ve deniz buzunda gelişen Polaribacter ve Psychroflexus cinslerini içerir. Sphingobacteriales takımı, toprak ve tatlı su ortamlarında yaygın olarak bulunan çeşitli bir gruptur. Sphingobacterium temsili cinstir. Sphingobacterium türü, kamçısız hareketsiz çubuklardır. Ek olarak, Sphingobacterium cinsi içindeki birçok tür, hücre duvarlarında karotenoidlere sahip oldukları için pigmentli görünür.

bakteri filumu: bacteroidetes

Bacterial Phylum Bacteroidota

Bacteroidetes &#351;ubesi, d&#246;rt temel tak&#305;ma ayr&#305;lan 700&#8217;den fazla t&#252;r i&#231;erir: Bacteroidales, Cytophagales, Flavobacteriales ve Sphingobacteriales. Bu Gram-negatif, spor olu&#351;turmayan &#231;omak &#351;eklindeki bakteriler, sakkarolitik yeteneklere sahiptir ve aerobik ya da fermentatif metabolizma sergileyebilirler; bunlar aras&#305;nda zorunlu aeroblar, fak&#252;ltatif aeroblar ve zorunlu anaeroblar bulunur. Pek &#231;ok t&#252;r kayarak hareket yetene&#287;ine sahiptir; baz&#305;lar&#305; ise hareketsizdir veya flagella kullan&#305;r. Bacteroides cinsi, insan ba&#287;&#305;rsak mikrobiyotas&#305;ndaki &#246;nemli rol&#252; nedeniyle kapsaml&#305; &#351;ekilde incelenmi&#351;tir.
Bacteroidales
Bacteroidales, zorunlu anaerobik ve fermentatif bakterileri kapsar. Bacteroides cinsi, &#351;ekerleri veya proteinleri asetat ve s&#252;ksinat &#252;reterek metabolize eder. Bu bakteriler insan kal&#305;n ba&#287;&#305;rsa&#287;&#305;nda bask&#305;n h&#226;lde bulunur, ancak f&#305;rsat&#231;&#305; patojenlere d&#246;n&#252;&#351;erek bakteriyemi gibi enfeksiyonlara yol a&#231;abilirler. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, polisakkarit y&#305;k&#305;m&#305; konusunda uzmanla&#351;m&#305;&#351;t&#305;r ve insan genomunda bulunmayan &#231;ok say&#305;da karbonhidrat metabolizmas&#305; genine sahiptir. Bacteroides&#8217;in dikkat &#231;ekici bir &#246;zelli&#287;i, bakterilerde nadiren bulunan bir lipid s&#305;n&#305;f&#305; olan sfingolipidleri sentezleyebilmesidir.
Cytophagales
Cytophagales, karma&#351;&#305;k polisakkaritleri par&#231;alayan, genellikle zorunlu aerobik bakterilerden olu&#351;ur. Bu uzun ve ince &#231;omak &#351;eklinde bakteriler, kayarak hareket eder ve toprak ile tatl&#305; su ortamlar&#305;nda sel&#252;loz sindirimine katk&#305;da bulunur. Cytophaga hutchinsonii, i&#351;lemeli sel&#252;lazlar i&#231;ermedi&#287;i i&#231;in sel&#252;loz lifleriyle do&#287;rudan temas yoluyla sindirim yapar. Cytophaga t&#252;rleri; sel&#252;loz, agar ve kitin gibi polisakkaritleri par&#231;alar. Cytophaga columnaris ve Cytophaga psychrophila gibi baz&#305; t&#252;rler, bal&#305;k patojenidir ve akuak&#252;lt&#252;r ortamlar&#305;nda doku y&#305;k&#305;m&#305;na neden olur.
Flavobacteriales ve Sphingobacteriales
Flavobacteriales ve Sphingobacteriales, aerobik veya fak&#252;ltatif aerobik kemooorganotroflar&#305; i&#231;erir. Bu Gram-negatif basiller sakkarolitiktir, s&#305;kl&#305;kla kayarak hareket eder ve &#231;e&#351;itli ortamlarda karma&#351;&#305;k polisakkaritleri par&#231;alar. Flavobacterium t&#252;rleri, su ortamlar&#305; ve g&#305;da i&#351;leme ortamlar&#305;nda bulunur. Flavobacterium meningosepticum gibi baz&#305; t&#252;rler patojendir. Polaribacter ve Psychroflexus gibi so&#287;uk ortama uyumlu cinsler, kutup sular&#305;nda ve deniz buzlar&#305;nda geli&#351;ir.
Sphingobacterium sp., Sphingobacteriales tak&#305;m&#305;na aittir. Toprakta, suda ve klinik ortamlarda tipik olarak bulunan, spor olu&#351;turmayan, &#231;ubuk &#351;eklinde, Gram-negatif bir bakteri cinsidir. Bu bakteriler, karma&#351;&#305;k organik bile&#351;ikleri par&#231;alama yetenekleriyle bilinir ve biyoremediasyonda rol oynarlar. Bir&#231;ok t&#252;r, kendilerine &#246;zg&#252; renklilik kazand&#305;ran sar&#305;dan turuncuya kadar de&#287;i&#351;en karotenoid pigmentler &#252;retir.
Bacteroidetes, besin d&#246;ng&#252;s&#252; ve organik madde bozunumu a&#231;&#305;s&#305;ndan hayati rol oynar. &#199;o&#287;u t&#252;r yararl&#305; olsa da, Bacteroides ve Cytophaga gibi baz&#305;lar&#305; f&#305;rsat&#231;&#305; patojen olabilir. Metabolik &#231;e&#351;itlilikleri, insan sa&#287;l&#305;&#287;&#305;, mikrobiyoloji ve end&#252;striyel uygulamalarda onlar&#305; &#246;nemli k&#305;lar.

Bakteri filumu: Bacteroidetes

Bacteroidetes &#351;ubesi, d&#246;rt temel tak&#305;ma ayr&#305;lan 700&#8217;den fazla t&#252;r i&#231;erir: Bacteroidales, Cytophagales, ...

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Microbiology

Mikrobiyoloji

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Birim

Microbial Diversity

Mikrobiyal Çeşitlilik

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TEMEL TERİMLER VE KAVRAMLAR

gut and environment bacteria in bacteroidota

Bacteroidota is a bacterial phylum with more than 700 species. It includes four main orders: Bacteroidales, Cytophagales, Flavobacteriales, and Sphingobacteriales. These bacteria are gram-negative, do not form spores, and are usually rod-shaped. They can be aerobic or fermentative, and some use gliding motility while others are nonmotile or move with flagella.

Bacteroidales includes obligately anaerobic, fermentative bacteria. The genus Bacteroides is especially important because it lives in the human gut microbiota. These bacteria break down sugars or proteins and produce acetate and succinate. They are common in the large intestine, but some can act as opportunistic pathogens and cause infections such as bacteremia. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is known for breaking down polysaccharides, and it carries many carbohydrate metabolism genes that humans do not have. A rare trait in this genus is the ability to make sphingolipids, a lipid type that is uncommon in bacteria.

Cytophagales mainly includes obligate aerobes that degrade complex polysaccharides. These bacteria are long and slender, and many show gliding motility. They help break down cellulose in soil and freshwater. Cytophaga hutchinsonii does not use processive cellulases and instead depends on direct contact with cellulose fibers. Other Cytophaga species digest cellulose, agar, and chitin. Some, including Cytophaga columnaris and Cytophaga psychrophila, are fish pathogens that damage tissues in aquaculture.

Flavobacteriales and Sphingobacteriales include aerobic and facultatively aerobic chemoorganotrophs. A chemoorganotroph uses organic compounds for energy and growth. Many of these bacteria are gram-negative rods, are saccharolytic, and often glide while breaking down complex polysaccharides in different habitats. Flavobacterium species live in aquatic and food-processing environments, and some, such as Flavobacterium meningosepticum, can be pathogenic. Cold-adapted genera like Polaribacter and Psychroflexus thrive in polar waters and sea ice. Sphingobacterium species are found in soil, water, and clinical settings. They can break down complex organic compounds, support bioremediation, and often produce yellow to orange carotenoid pigments.

Bacteroidota play important roles in nutrient cycling and the breakdown of organic matter. Most are helpful in their environments, but some Bacteroides and Cytophaga species can cause disease as opportunistic pathogens. Their wide range of metabolism makes them important in human health, microbiology, and industrial uses.

Gut and Environment Bacteria in Bacteroidota

gut-and-environment-bacteria-in-bacteroidota

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bacterial phylum bacteroidota

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diversity of protists iv

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key terms and concepts

Explore Bacteroidota bacteria in the gut, soil, water, and sea ice. Learn how these gram-negative microbes digest polysaccharides and affect health.

Gut and Environment Bacteria in Bacteroidota | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Microbiology provides an engaging introduction to the microbial world and its influence on health, industry, and the environment. This comprehensive collection covers key concepts such as microbial structure, metabolism, genetics, and ecology. It introduces essential laboratory techniques and microscopy methods through visually engaging animations. Corresponding scientist-in-action videos bridge classroom concepts with real-world research and applications.

microbiology

Gut and Environment Bacteria in Bacteroidota

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