Name: verrucomicrobiota cell structure and traits
Uploaded: 2025-06-05T06:42:28.000Z
Duration: 1 min 26 s
Channel: JoVE

Verrucomicrobiota filumu dört takıma ayrılır ve çoğu tür Verrucomicrobiales takımına göre sınıflandırılır. Bu filumdaki türler, tatlı su, deniz habitatları, orman toprakları ve tarım arazileri dahil olmak üzere çeşitli ortamlarda yaygın olarak dağılmış zorunlu veya fakültatif olarak aerobik bakterilerdir. Verrukomikrobiyota türü karbon döngüsüne katkıda bulunur. Birçok tür şekerleri fermente ederken, Methylacidiphilum cinsi gibi aerobik metanotroflar metanı oksitler. İlginç bir şekilde, Verrucomicrobiota'daki türler, prosthecae adı verilen zara bağlı sitoplazmik uzantılara sahiptir. Bu ekler, hücre duvarlarında peptidoglikan tarafından desteklenir. Verrucomicrobium ve Prosthecobacter cinsleri, her hücrede birden fazla protez üretmeleriyle dikkat çekerler. Simetrik hücre bölünmesine uğrarlar, bu da bölünme sırasında proteze sahip olan hem anne hem de kız hücrelerle sonuçlanır. Prosthecobacter türleri, ökaryotik hücrelerde tübülini kodlayan genlere önemli homoloji sergileyen iki gene sahiptir. Ancak bu bakterilerde ökaryotik benzeri bir hücre iskeleti gözlenmediği için işlevleri belirsizliğini korumaktadır.

bakteri filumu: verrucomicrobia

Bacterial Phylum Verrucomicrobiota

Verrucomicrobiota filumu, tan&#305;mlanm&#305;&#351; en az d&#246;rt tak&#305;m&#305; i&#231;erir ve t&#252;rlerin &#231;o&#287;u Verrucomicrobiotales tak&#305;m&#305; i&#231;inde s&#305;n&#305;fland&#305;r&#305;l&#305;r. Bu filuma ait bakteriler aerobik ya da fak&#252;ltatif aerobik olup, &#351;ekerleri fermente etme yetene&#287;ine sahiptir. Dikkate de&#287;er bir istisna, Methylacidiphilum cinsi olup, aerobik metanotrof bakterilerden olu&#351;ur.
Ayr&#305;ca, baz&#305; Verrucomicrobiota t&#252;rleri protistlerle simbiyotik ili&#351;kiler kurabilir. Bu bakteriler, tatl&#305; su, deniz ortamlar&#305;, orman topraklar&#305; ve tar&#305;m arazileri dahil olmak &#252;zere &#231;e&#351;itli &#231;evresel alanlarda yayg&#305;n olarak bulunur.
Planctomycetes filumundaki bakteriler gibi, Verrucomicrobiota da zarla &#231;evrili h&#252;cre i&#231;i yap&#305;lar bar&#305;nd&#305;r&#305;r. Ancak, Verrucomicrobiota&#8217;y&#305; ay&#305;rt eden &#246;zel bir &#246;zellik, prostea (prosthecae) ad&#305; verilen sitoplazmik uzant&#305;lar&#305;n varl&#305;&#287;&#305;d&#305;r. Bu uzant&#305;lar, h&#252;cre duvar&#305;ndaki peptidoglikan taraf&#305;ndan desteklenir ve bu &#246;zellikleriyle Planctomycetes&#8217;ten ayr&#305;l&#305;rlar.
Verrucomicrobium ve Prosthecobacter cinsleri, her bir h&#252;crede birden fazla prosteka &#252;retmeleriyle dikkat &#231;eker. Bu &#246;zellik, yaln&#305;zca tek bir prosteka geli&#351;tirip kam&#231;&#305;l&#305; y&#252;z&#252;c&#252; h&#252;creler (swarmer cells) olu&#351;turan Caulobacter&#8217;den farkl&#305;d&#305;r; &#231;&#252;nk&#252; Caulobacter&#8217;in y&#252;z&#252;c&#252; h&#252;crelerinde prosteka bulunmaz. Buna kar&#351;&#305;l&#305;k, Verrucomicrobium ve Prosthecobacter simetrik h&#252;cre b&#246;l&#252;nmesi ge&#231;irir; b&#246;ylece b&#246;l&#252;nme an&#305;nda hem ana h&#252;cre hem de yavru h&#252;cre prostekalara sahip olur. Verrucomicrobium ad&#305;, Yunanca k&#246;kenlidir ve &#8220;si&#287;illi&#8221; anlam&#305;na gelir; bu, birden fazla &#231;&#305;k&#305;nt&#305;l&#305; prostekaya sahip olan Verrucomicrobium spinosum&#8217;un g&#246;r&#252;n&#252;m&#252;n&#252; olduk&#231;a isabetli bir &#351;ekilde tan&#305;mlar.
Prosthecobacter t&#252;rlerinin dikkat &#231;ekici bir &#246;zelli&#287;i, &#246;karyotik h&#252;crelerdeki t&#252;b&#252;lini kodlayan genlerle g&#252;&#231;l&#252; benzerlik g&#246;steren iki gen i&#231;ermeleridir. T&#252;b&#252;lin, &#246;karyotik h&#252;cre iskeletinin temel yap&#305;sal proteinidir. Bakteriyel h&#252;cre b&#246;l&#252;nme proteini olan FtsZ de bir t&#252;b&#252;lin homolo&#287;u olsa da, Prosthecobacter&#8217;deki t&#252;b&#252;lin-benzeri proteinler, yap&#305;sal olarak &#246;karyotik t&#252;b&#252;line daha fazla benzerlik g&#246;sterir. Ancak bu benzerli&#287;e ra&#287;men, Prosthecobacter t&#252;rlerinde bu proteinlerin i&#351;levi hen&#252;z net de&#287;ildir; &#231;&#252;nk&#252; bu bakterilerde &#246;karyot benzeri bir h&#252;cre iskeleti g&#246;zlemlenmemi&#351;tir.

Bakteri Filumu: Verrucomicrobia

Verrucomicrobiota filumu, tan&#305;mlanm&#305;&#351; en az d&#246;rt tak&#305;m&#305; i&#231;erir ve t&#252;rlerin &#231;o&#287;u Verrucomicrobiotales ...

Education

JoVE Core

Microbiology

Mikrobiyoloji

Unit

Birim

Microbial Diversity

Mikrobiyal Çeşitlilik

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TEMEL TERİMLER VE KAVRAMLAR

verrucomicrobiota cell structure and traits

Verrucomicrobiota are a bacterial phylum with several recognized orders, and most species belong to Verrucomicrobiotales. Many members are aerobic or facultatively aerobic, which means they can use oxygen but may also grow without it. They can also ferment sugars. One exception is the genus Methylacidiphilum, which contains aerobic methanotrophs, bacteria that use methane and oxygen.

These bacteria live in many different places. They are found in freshwater, marine habitats, forest soils, and agricultural land. Some Verrucomicrobiota also form symbiotic relationships with protists, which are single-celled eukaryotes.

Verrucomicrobiota have membrane-bound internal structures, similar to Planctomycetes. They also have cytoplasmic extensions called prosthecae. These appendages are supported by peptidoglycan in the cell wall, which helps distinguish them from Planctomycetes. The genera Verrucomicrobium and Prosthecobacter are known for having multiple prosthecae on each cell.

Their cell division is also unusual. Unlike Caulobacter, which forms a single prostheca and releases flagellated swarmer cells without prosthecae, Verrucomicrobium and Prosthecobacter divide symmetrically. This means both the mother cell and the daughter cell have prosthecae at the time of division. The name Verrucomicrobium comes from a Greek word meaning &quot;warty,&quot; which matches the look of Verrucomicrobium spinosum and its many protruding prosthecae.

Prosthecobacter species are especially notable because they carry two genes that are very similar to genes for eukaryotic tubulin. Tubulin is the main protein that forms the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Bacteria also have FtsZ, another tubulin homolog involved in cell division. However, the Prosthecobacter proteins are even more similar in structure to eukaryotic tubulin, and their function is still unclear. No eukaryotic-like cytoskeleton has been seen in these bacteria.

Verrucomicrobiota Cell Structure and Traits

verrucomicrobiota-cell-structure-and-traits

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key terms and concepts

Explore Verrucomicrobiota cell features, prosthecae, habitat diversity, symbiosis with protists, and the unusual tubulin-like genes in Prosthecobacter.

Verrucomicrobiota Cell Structure and Traits | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Microbiology provides an engaging introduction to the microbial world and its influence on health, industry, and the environment. This comprehensive collection covers key concepts such as microbial structure, metabolism, genetics, and ecology. It introduces essential laboratory techniques and microscopy methods through visually engaging animations. Corresponding scientist-in-action videos bridge classroom concepts with real-world research and applications.

microbiology

Verrucomicrobiota Cell Structure and Traits

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