7.4
Betondaki Toplam Boşluklar
Betondaki toplam boşluklar jel sıvısı hacmi, kılcal gözenekler ve katılmış havayı kapsar. Jel sıvısı (çimento hidratasyon ürünleri içinde hapsolur) ve…
Toplam boşluk hacminin, her biri beton yapının genel gözenekliliğine katkıda bulunan jel su, kılcal gözenekler ve sıkışmış hava tarafından işgal edilen hacmi içerdiği bir beton kütlesi düşünün.
Çimento hidratasyonunun ürünü olan jel, hidratların geniş yüzey alanı üzerine fiziksel olarak tutulan veya adsorbe edilen katı maddelerden ve sudan oluşur. Bu özel suyun hacmi, jel suyun hacmidir.
Bir inç küp sulanmamış çimentonun tam hidratasyondan sonra hidratasyon ürünleri için yaklaşık iki inç küp alana ihtiyaç duyacağı tahmin edilmektedir.
Kılcal gözenekler, hidratlı çimento macunu içinde hidratasyon ürünleri tarafından işgal edilmeyen boşluklardır ve bu gözenekler boş olabilir veya su ile doldurulabilir.
Betonun karıştırılması işlemi sırasında, genellikle çimento hamurunun içinde bir miktar hava sıkışır.
Bu sıkışmış hava boşlukları, kılcal boşluklardan önemli ölçüde daha büyük olan ve betonun mukavemetini olumsuz yönde etkileyebilecek 120 mil'e kadar ulaşabilir.
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Q1: What are the three main components that make up total voids in concrete?
Total voids in concrete consist of gel water, capillary pores, and entrapped air. Gel water is retained within cement hydration products through physical adsorption onto hydrate surfaces. Capillary pores are unoccupied spaces in the hydrated cement paste, while entrapped air becomes trapped during mixing and can reach up to 120 mils in size, substantially larger than capillary voids.
Q2: How much space is required for cement hydration products compared to unhydrated cement?
During complete hydration, approximately two cubic inches of space are needed for the hydration products of one cubic inch of unhydrated cement. This significant volume expansion occurs because the gel, which is the product of cement hydration, contains both solid substances and water physically retained or adsorbed onto the extensive surface area of the hydrates.
Q3: What is gel water and why is it important in concrete?
Gel water is the volume of water physically retained or adsorbed onto the extensive surface area of cement hydration products. This water is a key component of the gel formed during cement hydration and contributes to the overall porosity of the concrete structure. Understanding gel water volume is essential for assessing the hydration process and concrete performance.
Q4: How do capillary pores differ from entrapped air voids in concrete?
Capillary pores are small, irregularly shaped spaces within hydrated cement paste that range from nanometers to a few micrometers in diameter. Entrapped air voids, typically spherical, are substantially larger, reaching up to 120 mils. The distribution of capillary pores is considered a more precise indicator of hydrated cement paste characteristics than total porosity alone.
Q5: Why do entrapped air voids negatively impact concrete strength?
Entrapped air voids can reach up to 120 mils, making them substantially larger than capillary voids. These large voids reduce the effective load-bearing area and create stress concentration points within the concrete matrix. Understanding and controlling void volume and distribution is essential for optimizing concrete's strength and permeability properties.
Q6: What factors influence the size and distribution of capillary pores?
The size and distribution of capillary pores are largely influenced by the water-to-cement ratio and the degree of hydration. Lower water-to-cement ratios generally produce finer, more densely distributed capillary pores. The distribution of these capillary voids is believed to be a more precise indicator for assessing hydrated cement paste characteristics than total porosity.
Q7: How do voids affect both concrete strength and permeability?
Voids significantly impact concrete by affecting both strength and permeability. Larger entrapped air voids weaken the concrete structure, while capillary pores influence water penetration and durability. To optimize concrete's properties, controlling the volume and distribution of all void types is essential for achieving desired strength and resistance to environmental degradation.