Solid State Catalysts
Solid State Catalysts - Related Videos
10:19
Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation
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2017
A convenient method for the synthesis of 2 nm supported bimetallic nanoparticle Pt-Cu catalysts for propane dehydrogenation is reported here. In situ synchrotron X-ray techniques allow for the determination of the catalyst structure, which is typically unobtainable using laboratory instruments.
11:15
HKUST-1 as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Vanillin
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Cited by 12 •
2016
The conversion of trans-ferulic acid to vanillin was achieved by heterogeneous catalysis. HKUST-1 was employed in this synthesis and the essential step in the catalytic process was the generation of unsaturated metal sites. Thus, when the catalyst was activated under vacuum, full vanillin conversion (yield of 95%) was obtained.
09:53
Predicting Catalyst Extrudate Breakage Based on the Modulus of Rupture
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Cited by 3 •
2018
Here we present a protocol to measure the modulus of rupture of an extruded catalyst and the breakage of said catalyst extrudates by collision against a surface or by compression in a fixed bed.
10:38
Electrochemical Measurements of Supported Catalysts Using a Potentiostat/Galvanostat
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Dr. Yuriy Román — Massachusetts Institute of Technology A potentiostat/galvanostat (often referred to as simply a potentiostat) is an instrument that measures current at an applied potential (potentiostatic operation) or measures potential at an applied current (galvanostatic operation) (Figure 1). It is the most commonly used instrument in the electrochemical characterization of anode and cathode materials for fuel cells, electrolyzers, batteries, and supercapacitors.
08:15
Temperature-programmed Deoxygenation of Acetic Acid on Molybdenum Carbide Catalysts
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Cited by 1 •
2017
Presented here is a protocol for the operation of a micro-scale temperature-programmed reactor for evaluating the catalytic performance of molybdenum carbide during acetic acid deoxygenation.
FAQs
Active sites provide locations where reactant molecules can adsorb and become chemically stabilized. This positioning can facilitate bond breaking or bond formation through surface-bound intermediates. After the reaction step, products leave the surface, allowing the active site to participate again. The number, accessibility, and chemical character of these sites therefore influence catalytic activity.
Pore networks influence which molecules can reach internal active sites and how reactants are positioned near them. Their structure can therefore favor some reaction pathways over others, affecting selectivity, which describes the preference for forming particular products. In zeolites and related materials, pore architecture is consequently an important design feature.
The chemical composition of a solid catalyst determines the types of surface sites and intermediates available during reaction. Electronic properties also affect how strongly reactants and intermediates interact with those sites. If these interactions are appropriately balanced, the material can promote the desired transformation while influencing activity and selectivity across different chemical processes.
Activity indicates how effectively a catalyst promotes a reaction, whereas selectivity indicates how strongly it favors a desired product or pathway. Examining both helps chemists distinguish a material that accelerates conversion from one that also directs chemistry productively. Surface structure, composition, pore networks, and electronic properties all contribute to these outcomes.
A typical catalytic sequence begins when gaseous or liquid reactants contact the solid surface and adsorb at active sites. Stabilized intermediates then undergo bond breaking or formation, followed by release of products from the surface. This sequence restores the available sites, so the material can continue supporting the reaction without being consumed.
These materials are used in petroleum refining, chemical manufacturing, emissions control, and sustainable energy technologies. Their surface-mediated pathways can improve reaction efficiency while reducing energy demands. Different catalyst families, including zeolites, metal oxides, and supported metals, provide options suited to processes where surface structure and product selectivity are important.
In sustainable energy technologies and emissions control, catalytic performance can help chemical transformations proceed more efficiently and with lower energy demands. The relevant material must provide suitable surface sites and properties for the targeted reaction. This connection makes solid catalysts important not only for manufacturing and refining, but also for managing environmental and energy-related chemical processes.