Parasternal Imaging
Parasternal Imaging - Related Videos
09:05
Assessment of Cardiac Morphological and Functional Changes in Mouse Model of Transverse Aortic Constriction by Echocardiographic Imaging
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Cited by 25 •
2016
The goal of this protocol is to noninvasively assess cardiac structural and functional changes in a mouse model of heart disease created by transverse aortic constriction, using B- and M-mode echocardiography and color/pulse wave Doppler imaging.
09:00
Murine Echocardiography and Ultrasound Imaging
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Cited by 61 •
2010
This video demonstrates use of a rail-mounted high-frequency ultrasound probe to perform echocardiography on an anesthetized mouse. The methods describe both conventional two-dimensional and M-mode measurements of cardiac function in addition to newer, more powerful tools such as color Doppler, strain analysis, as well as general and targeted contrast imaging.
13:45
Hybrid µCT-FMT imaging and image analysis
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Cited by 34 •
2015
We describe a protocol for hybrid imaging, combining fluorescence-mediated tomography (FMT) with micro computed tomography (µCT). After fusion and reconstruction, we perform interactive organ segmentation to extract quantitative measurements of the fluorescence distribution.
09:08
Multiple-mouse Neuroanatomical Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Cited by 59 •
2011
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an increasingly popular tool for examining the phenotype of genetically altered mice. This article illustrates the methods necessary to achieve high-throughput phenotyping of genetically altered mice using multiple-mouse MRI.
06:46
Non-invasive In Vivo Fluorescence Optical Imaging of Inflammatory MMP Activity Using an Activatable Fluorescent Imaging Agent
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Cited by 4 •
2017
This paper explains the application of fluorescent imaging using an activatable optical imaging probe to visualize the in vivo activity of key matrix metalloproteinases in two different experimental models of inflammation.
FAQs
Parasternal imaging creates cardiac views by transmitting and receiving high-frequency sound waves at the bedside. The returning signals are converted into real-time two-dimensional images, while changes in transducer angle and patient position alter the structures brought into view. This flexibility allows the operator to examine anatomy from standardized long-axis and short-axis perspectives.
These views present complementary planes of the heart rather than duplicating the same image. Long-axis and short-axis orientations can display chambers, valves, ventricular walls, outflow tracts, and the pericardium from different geometric perspectives. Using both helps the operator relate visible anatomy to cardiac structure and function during a focused examination.
Two-dimensional images show cardiac structures and their contraction, whereas Doppler measurements add information related to cardiac function and valve assessment. In parasternal imaging, combining these outputs helps connect the appearance of ventricular contraction or valve anatomy with functional evaluation. This makes the examination more informative than relying on structural images alone.
Probe placement and orientation are central determinants. The transducer may be positioned in the left or right parasternal region, then angled while the patient’s position is adjusted. These changes guide the ultrasound waves through different cardiac planes, supporting visualization of chambers, valves, ventricular walls, outflow tracts, or pericardium in the view most relevant to the clinical question.
An operator places the transducer beside the sternum, using the left or right parasternal region, and obtains a long-axis or short-axis view. Probe angle and patient position are adjusted to display the desired structures. The examination can then incorporate Doppler measurements alongside real-time two-dimensional imaging, producing complementary structural and functional information.
It can support assessment of ventricular size and contraction, valve abnormalities, pericardial effusion, and selected congenital or structural heart diseases. The relevant findings are interpreted from the displayed chambers, valves, ventricular walls, outflow tracts, and pericardium, with Doppler measurements adding functional information. This range makes the technique useful when several cardiac questions must be addressed quickly.
Its main practical value is rapid, noninvasive cardiac assessment at the bedside. Parasternal views can provide information about ventricular performance, valves, and the pericardium without requiring an invasive procedure. This makes the approach useful when clinicians need a focused structural and functional evaluation in a clinical setting where speed and direct visualization matter.
By displaying cardiac chambers, valves, ventricular walls, outflow tracts, and the pericardium, the technique provides an anatomic framework for examining selected structural or congenital abnormalities. Long-axis and short-axis views show these regions from complementary orientations, while Doppler measurements contribute functional information. Together, the outputs support a focused echocardiographic assessment of cardiac anatomy and function.