Bees can be conditioned in an appetitive olfactory learning paradigm (PER-conditioning). Using odors as stimuli, we established a method in which behavior is recorded while simultaneously Calcium Imaging is used to measure odor evoked activity in mushroom body neurons in vivo.
Haehnel, M., Froese, A., Menzel, R. In vivo Ca2+- Imaging of Mushroom Body Neurons During Olfactory Learning in the Honey Bee. J. Vis. Exp. (30), e1353, doi:10.3791/1353 (2009).