Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view is dominated by the frontal bone and paired parietal bones. The frontal bone forms the forehead, while the parietal bones cover the skull's top and sides. These bones meet at the coronal suture anteriorly and the sagittal suture where the parietal bones join at the midline.

The glabella is a smooth, slightly depressed region on the frontal bone located between the eyebrows at the anterior midline. It lies between the supraorbital margins, which are thickened areas that form the brow ridges. The glabella serves as a landmark on the forehead's surface.

The occipital condyles are curved projections located on either side of the foramen magnum on the occipital bone's base. These oval-shaped structures articulate with the first cervical vertebra, forming joints that support the skull on top of the vertebral column and allow head movement.

The foramen magnum is a large opening at the base of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord exits the skull and connects with the brain. This opening is essential for communication between the cranial cavity and the vertebral canal, allowing neural tissue to pass through.

The external occipital protuberance is a midline projection on the posterior occipital bone that serves as an attachment site for the ligamentum nuchae, a large elastic ligament of the posterior neck. This ligament helps support the head and connects to the cervical vertebrae.

The superior and inferior nuchal lines are laterally extending ridges on the occipital bone that mark muscle attachment sites on the posterior skull. The superior nuchal line represents the most superior point where neck muscles attach, with only the scalp covering the skull above these lines.

The supraorbital foramen is an opening located near the middle of the supraorbital margin of the frontal bone, just above the eyebrow. It provides passage for a sensory nerve that supplies the forehead, making it an important anatomical landmark for nerve distribution.