Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In acute poisoning, further absorption of poison from the GI tract can be prevented through immediate intervention using various gastric decontamination methods.

Emesis is induced, preferably by administering ipecac syrup. Saltwater and pharyngeal stimulation may also be used. 

Emesis is avoided if the intoxicant is caustic, a petroleum distillate, or a CNS stimulant or if the person is in a delirium state or in a coma.

Gastric lavage, performed using an orogastric tube, cleans and removes stomach contents, including toxins.

In a coma patient, lavage can cause aspiration. This is prevented by protecting the airway with an endotracheal tube.

Activated charcoal has a large surface area and can adsorb several drugs or toxins. Charcoal, however, poorly adsorbs metals, alcohols, and cyanides.

Cathartic agents, like polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution, may remove toxins from the GI tract by enhancing gut decontamination through whole bowel irrigation. The solution is administered until the rectal effluent is clear.