Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body.

In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas.

Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue.

The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.

During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. In the liver, it stimulates glucose production via gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis facilitating insulin secretion

These hormones, insulin, and glucagon, work in a cycle to regulate blood glucose.

During exercise, catecholamines stimulate hepatic glucose production, inhibit insulin secretion, and enhance glucagon release.