Anatomy of the Heart

The human heart is a hollow cone-shaped muscle that comprises three layers.

The outermost layer is the epicardium, the middle layer is the myocardium, and the innermost layer is the endocardium.

Next, the heart has four chambers.

The right atrium accepts oxygen-depleted blood from the body and transfers it to the right ventricle, propelling it to the lungs for oxygenation.

After oxygenation, blood travels to the left atrium, where it is then directed to the left ventricle and pumped throughout the body.

Furthermore, the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus deliver deoxygenated blood to the right atrium, while the pulmonary veins deliver oxygenated blood to the left atrium.

In addition, there are four main valves to ensure unidirectional flow.

The atrioventricular valves consist of the tricuspid valve on the right and the mitral valve on the left.

Next, the semilunar valves ensure that blood exits the heart.

The pulmonary valve is located in the pulmonary artery on the right, and the aortic valve is found in the aorta on the left.