Hypertension IV: Drug Therapy and Lifestyle Modifications

Commonly prescribed medications for treating stage-1 hypertension include first-line antihypertensives such as thiazide diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers.

If these first-line medications are ineffective or poorly tolerated, second-line antihypertensive agents, such as aldosterone antagonists and beta-blockers, may be used.

Patients are initially prescribed low doses of antihypertensive medications, with dosage adjustments made if blood pressure remains above 130/80mm Hg.

Monthly follow-up visits are advised until the target blood pressure is reached. Once controlled, visits can be reduced to every 3–6 months.

However, individuals with stage-2 hypertension or comorbid conditions need more frequent visits.

Furthermore, lifestyle changes can lower blood pressure and cardiovascular risk.

These include weight loss through exercise and a diet rich in nuts, vegetables, fruits, legumes, and lean proteins, limiting sodium to under 2,300 mg/day; avoiding tobacco; moderating alcohol; and managing stress.