24.1
Introduction to Surveying, Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveys
Consider an area on the Earth's surface with undulations and water bodies.
Surveying techniques measure the lengths and breadths of an area and identify the ground levels with reference to a datum.
These techniques measure the angles of corners, the inclinations of imaginary lines in horizontal or vertical directions, and the levels to understand the shape and size of land features.
Plane surveys are conducted for small areas, considering the Earth to be flat and assuming the north-south lines are parallel.
Surveys for buildings, farms, and most constructed works are plane surveys.
On the other hand, geodetic surveying takes the curvature of the Earth into account, making it applicable to smaller and larger areas.
Large surveys such as marking national boundaries, are carried out using geodetic surveying.
Both plane and geodetic surveys use elevations as vertical distances above or below mean sea level.
Surveying is also used to measure the quantities of materials in construction works, such as earthwork, for cost calculations.
Additionally, surveying involves aligning highways along predetermined directions and plotting capacity contours for proposed reservoirs.
Surveying is the art and science of mapping the earth's surface. It involves measuring distances, angles in horizontal or vertical directions, and levels to understand the shape and size of land features. Surveying techniques are essential for various tasks, such as identifying the levels of a land area with reference to a specific point, and mapping undulations and water bodies.
There are two main types of surveying: plane surveys and geodetic surveys. Plane surveys assume the earth is flat, with north-south lines considered parallel. This method is commonly used for building construction, farm layouts, and most other constructed works.
Geodetic surveying, on the other hand, accounts for the earth's curvature, making it suitable for both small and large-scale surveys. This type of surveying is necessary for large projects like marking national boundaries. Both plane and geodetic surveys express elevations as vertical distances above or below the mean sea level.
Surveying is not just about mapping the earth's surface. It also plays a crucial role in construction. By measuring material quantities, such as earthwork, surveying helps in cost calculations, ensuring that construction projects stay within budget. Whether it's for building projects or extensive boundary demarcations, surveying provides the necessary data for accurate planning and execution, making it an indispensable tool in the construction industry.
Consider an area on the Earth's surface with undulations and water bodies.
Surveying techniques measure the lengths and breadths of an area and identify the ground levels with reference to a datum.
These techniques measure the angles of corners, the inclinations of imaginary lines in horizontal or vertical directions, and the levels to understand the shape and size of land features.
Plane surveys are conducted for small areas, considering the Earth to be flat and assuming the north-south lines are parallel.
Surveys for buildings, farms, and most constructed works are plane surveys.
On the other hand, geodetic surveying takes the curvature of the Earth into account, making it applicable to smaller and larger areas.
Large surveys such as marking national boundaries, are carried out using geodetic surveying.
Both plane and geodetic surveys use elevations as vertical distances above or below mean sea level.
Surveying is also used to measure the quantities of materials in construction works, such as earthwork, for cost calculations.
Additionally, surveying involves aligning highways along predetermined directions and plotting capacity contours for proposed reservoirs.
- Plane Survey - A type of surveying that assumes Earth's surface as flat. Primarily used in small-scale projects like building construction.
- Geodetic Survey - A large-scale surveying method that considers Earth's curvature. Used for projects involving large areas like national boundaries.
- Earthwork Quantity - Volume of material needed for a project. Surveyors measure this to help with cost calculation in construction projects.
- Vertical Distances - Elevations expressed as distances above or below mean sea level in both plane and geodetic surveys.
- Mapping - artistic and scientific representation of Earth's surface based on measurements obtained through surveying techniques.
- Define Plane Survey - explain what it is and how it is used in building construction (e.g., plane survey).
- Contrast Plane Survey vs Geodetic Survey – Explain the differences in assumptions about earth's shape and appropriate uses (e.g., construction vs boundary demarcation).
- Explore examples of Earthwork Quantity – Describe how this aids in cost calculation during construction (e.g., earthwork measurement).
- Explain the calculation of Vertical Distances – Discuss how distances are expressed as elevations in surveying.
- Apply Mapping in Context - Discuss the role of surveying techniques in creating accurate maps of earth's surface.
- What is a Plane Survey and how does it differ from Geodetic Survey?
- What role does Earthwork Quantity play in cost calculation for construction projects?
- How are Vertical Distances expressed in Plane and Geodetic Surveys?
From Chapter 24:
Now Playing
24.1 : Introduction to Surveying, Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveys
Introduction to Surveying
1.8K Views
24.2 : Types of Surveys
Introduction to Surveying
541 Views
24.3 : Survey Safety
Introduction to Surveying
599 Views
24.4 : Errors and Mistakes in Surveying
Introduction to Surveying
1.2K Views
24.5 : Distance Measurements by Taping
Introduction to Surveying
806 Views
24.6 : Taping Over Different Ground Profiles
Introduction to Surveying
553 Views
24.7 : Distance Corrections
Introduction to Surveying
484 Views
24.8 : Errors in Taping
Introduction to Surveying
575 Views
24.9 : Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments
Introduction to Surveying
877 Views
24.10 : Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions
Introduction to Surveying
686 Views