Types of Surveys

Consider a land near a water body where property boundaries need to be marked. For marking boundaries, land surveys are conducted.

Route surveys determine the position of natural or artificial objects for routing of transportation or utility projects, such as highways or pipelines.

Topographic surveys of the same area are conducted to understand its three-dimensional features, which are then used to develop the map. 

Hydrographic surveys are performed to determine the shapes of areas beneath the water in the nearby water body and to understand the movement of streams through marked properties.

Mine surveys are conducted to find the relative locations of geological formations beneath the surface of the properties.

Control surveys are carried out to establish horizontal and vertical controls, creating a network over the survey area to mark reference points. 

Horizontal control is likely linked to property lines, road centerlines, and other prominent features. 

Vertical control includes a series of relatively permanent points with precisely measured elevations above or below sea level, known as benchmarks.

Construction surveys are then performed to locate the specific areas and provide elevation points for building construction.