Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

A cystoscopic examination is a urologic procedure that allows healthcare providers to visualize the inside of the urethra and bladder using a cystoscope, a thin tube equipped with a camera and light.

It can be performed with a flexible cystoscope using local anesthesia or with a rigid cystoscope under general or spinal anesthesia.

Before the procedure, the nurse educates the patient, obtains written consent, ensures fasting if necessary, and instructs them to empty their bladder.

During the procedure, the patient is positioned in the lithotomy position, and the lubricated cystoscope is gently inserted into the urethra and bladder.

Sterile saline or water is then instilled to expand the bladder for better visualization.

Next, the camera transmits real-time images of abnormalities such as UTIs, hematuria, bladder stones, tumors, strictures, or urinary retention. Biopsies may be taken if needed.

After the examination, the cystoscope is withdrawn.

Post-procedure, the nurse monitors the patient's vital signs, assesses for urinary bleeding or severe pain, encourages fluid intake, and provides pain relief as needed.