Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

Nursing management of Acute Kidney Injury begins with reviewing the patient's history for recent infections, nephrotoxic drug use, or conditions like hypertension.

During the physical examination, the nurse assesses for oliguria, peripheral edema, jugular vein distension, and lung crackles and also checks for muscle weakness and ECG changes like peaked T waves and a widened QRS complex.

Based on these assessments, potential nursing diagnoses include:

Excess fluid volume related to impaired kidney function, as evidenced by peripheral edema and weight gain.

Impaired gas exchange related to fluid build-up in the lungs, as evidenced by dyspnea and lung crackles.

The primary goals focus on restoring fluid and electrolyte balance, improving gas exchange, and preventing complications like hyperkalemia.

To achieve these goals, the nurse monitors fluid intake and output, positions the patient in semi-Fowler’s, administers diuretics, and provides education on a low-sodium diet and medication adherence.

Lastly, patient responses are regularly evaluated to adjust the care plan accordingly.