Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

A urine culture and sensitivity test identify the bacteria causing urinary tract infections or UTIs and determine their antibiotic susceptibility.

This test is crucial for patients experiencing UTI symptoms such as lower abdominal pain, painful or frequent urination, and cloudy or foul-smelling urine.

The test typically requires a "clean-catch" midstream urine sample to minimize contamination by skin bacteria.

In the lab, the urine is cultured on a growth medium and incubated at 35 to 37°C for 24-48 hours to identify the specific UTI-causing pathogen, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, or Proteus.

Next, antibiotic sensitivity is tested by placing antibiotic-infused discs on the bacterial culture.

After incubation, a clear zone around a disc indicates that the bacteria are susceptible to the antibiotic, whereas growth near the disc signifies resistance.

This test is vital for diagnosing recurrent or resistant UTIs. It helps prevent complications like pyelonephritis, sepsis, and antibiotic resistance by identifying pathogens and effective antibiotics, enabling targeted treatments.