Methods for Embedding Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Reactions in Macro-Scale Hydrogels

We know living systems continuously integrate information from many different sources and that these signals trigger complex and subtle responses. Much of this information processing occurs at the molecular level. We’re interested in operating these processes within materials, but without cells.

The purpose is to give materials novel functionality. Challenges in this work are primarily associated with the cell-free protein synthesis reaction, rather than working with hydrogel. Cell reaction require high quality cell lysate as well as high quality and purity DNA to function well.

This protocol allows researchers to embed molecular biology reactions into a physical biodegradable material that can be taken outside of the laboratory. Also, because the reaction output interacts directly with the material chassis, there is potential for the development of materials with novel sensing and response capabilities. In short-term, we see these methods as providing a novel route to the deployment of cell-free diagnostic devices.

This protocol allows a number of devices to be created and spatially organized in a manner that is not possible for liquid reactions. Our future interests are twofold. First, we are interested in expanding the nature of the hydrogels we use to bring more material functionality to the work.

Second, we are interested in increasing the complexity and performance of the gene networks we operate in gels, expanding the biological functionality of these systems.