Research Article

Clinical Effects of Early Intensive Motor Intervention on Gross Motor Development in Infants and Toddlers with Developmental Delay

DOI:

10.3791/69115

February 27th, 2026

In This Article

Summary

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This protocol describes an early intensive motor intervention that integrates mesh suspension training. These exercises enhance core strength and balance coordination, thereby improving gross motor function and activities of daily living in infants with developmental delay.

Abstract

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Early intensive motor intervention is one of the most important rehabilitation tools to improve gross motor development in infants and toddlers with developmental delay. The combination of conventional rehabilitation training and mesh-intensive suspension training aims to improve core muscle strength, motor control, and balance coordination, and thus improve gross motor function. However, there is no comprehensive clinical evidence on the effects of early intensive exercise intervention combined with conventional rehabilitation on gross motor development and activities of daily living (ADL) in infants and children with developmental delay. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of early intensive exercise intervention combined with conventional rehabilitation training for gross motor development in infants and toddlers with developmental delay. In the study, the treatment group implemented an early intensive exercise intervention on top of conventional rehabilitation training. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated based on the changes in scores on the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), Peabody Gross Motor Development Scale (PDMS-GM), and Infant and Toddler Activities of Daily Living score. The results showed that all the indicators improved significantly in both groups after the intervention, and the treatment group showed significantly greater improvement compared to the control group (P<0.05). In the treatment group, the AIMS score increased from (36.80 ± 11.38) to (53.12 ± 7.48), the PDMS-GM standardized total score increased from (18.65 ± 2.33) to (28.03 ± 2.51), and the ADL score increased from (32.89 ± 7.02) to (58.92 ± 6.34). These findings highlight the effectiveness of early intensive motor intervention combined with conventional rehabilitation in improving gross motor function and ADL in infants and children with developmental delay.

Introduction

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Developmental delay is a common neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 10%-15% of infants globally, with incidence rates rising annually1. Gross motor delays, in particular, significantly hinder physical growth and the acquisition of daily living skills. Without timely intervention, these delays can lead to lifelong motor dysfunction, diminishing quality of life, and social integration2,3,4. Therefore, it is crucial to find effective rehabilitation interventions to promote gross motor development in infants and children with developmental ....

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Protocol

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This study complied with the guidelines of the institutional human research ethics committee and received approval from the Institutional Review Board of The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (Project Number: XYFY2022-JS020-01). All patients or their legal representatives have provided written informed consent to participate in the study, including the use and publication of anonymized data, in strict compliance with the ethical guidelines outlined in the approved protocol. The consumables and the equipment used are listed in the Table of Materials.

1. Recruitment and sample size

Par....

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Results

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Fifty-six infants and toddlers with developmental delay attending our rehabilitation department from May 2022 to May 2024 were selected for the study. The screening, randomization, and intervention processes are illustrated in Figure 2. The children who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, 28 cases in each group. The differences between the two groups in terms of age (t=0.221, P=0.826), gender (χ²=0.048, P=0.842), dise.......

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Discussion

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This study investigated the clinical effects of early intensive motor intervention combined with conventional rehabilitation training on gross motor development and ADL ability in infants and children with developmental delay through a randomized controlled trial. The results of the study showed that the treatment group significantly outperformed the control group in terms of improvement in AIMS score (from 36.80 ± 11.38 to 53.12 ± 7.48), PDMS-GM standardized total score (from 18.65 ± 2.33 to 28.03 ± .......

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Disclosures

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The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Materials

List of materials used in this article
NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
Balance beamRunkang Rehabilitation Equipment8545 800*600*150 (mm)
Dillon ballInot5466Diameter: 1000 (mm)
Grid suspension deviceSunjava/Guangzhou Class-A Medical Information Industry Co., Ltd.1950*1000*500
Merry-go-roundBai ZhuoBZ-32101900*600 (mm)
Tactile brushGREMED90*70*30

References

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  1. Global Research on Developmental Disabilities Collaborators. Developmental disabilities among children younger than 5 years in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016. Lancet Glob Health. 6 (10), e1100-e1121 (2018).
  2. Li, F., Xiaoyun, Y.

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Tags

Early Motor InterventionGross Motor DevelopmentDevelopmental DelayInfants And ToddlersIntensive Exercise InterventionConventional RehabilitationCore Muscle StrengthMotor ControlBalance CoordinationAlberta Infant Motor Scale

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