Detection and Segmentation of Changes of Dynamics in Biological Time Series

Conference Proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference. 2004  |  Pubmed ID: 17271815

A method to identify switching dynamics in time series, based on annealed competition of experts algorithm (ACE), has been developed by J. Kohlmorgen, et al (2000). Incorrect selection of embedding dimension and time delay of the signal significantly affect the performance of the ACE method, however. We utilize systematic approaches based on mutual information and false nearest neighbor to determine appropriate embedding dimension and time delay. Moreover, we obtained further improvements to the original ACE method by incorporating a phase space closeness measure during the training procedure as well as deterministic annealing approach. Using these ameliorated implementations, we have enhanced the performance of the ACE algorithm in determining the location of the switching of dynamic modes in time series. The application of the improved ACE method to RR interval data obtained from rats during control and administration of double autonomic blockade conditions indicate that the improved ACE algorithm is able to segment dynamic mode changes with pinpoint accuracy and that its performance is far superior to the original ACE algorithm.

Ground Based Nitrogen Status of Canola Leaves Using Charged Coupled Device Imaging Sensor

Conference Proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference. 2005  |  Pubmed ID: 17282906

Rapid, non-destructive estimation of nitrogen content of crop is a potentially important application for both farm managers and researchers. This paper presents the development of a multi-spectral nitrogen deficiency sensor, which uses three channels (green, red, near-infrared) of crop images to estimate nitrogen level of the canola. The utility of a Charged Coupled Device Imaging Sensor for rapidly and nondestructively assessing foliar N status of canola was evaluated in two experiments. The sensors assess the nitrogen stress by means of the estimated SPAD value of the canola based on canola canopy reflectance sensed using three channels (green, red, near-infrared) of the multispectral camera. The core of this investigation is the calibration methods between the multi-spectral references and the nitrogen levels in crops measured using a SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter. Based on the results obtained from this study (The correlation was 0.89.), it can be concluded that a multi-spectral CCD camera can provide sufficient information to perform reasonable SPAD values estimation on-the-go during field operations.

[Therapy of Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy Complicated with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation--a Case Report]

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. Jan, 2005  |  Pubmed ID: 15774229

Investigation on Liver Function Among Population in High Background of Rare Earth Area in South China

Biological Trace Element Research. Apr, 2005  |  Pubmed ID: 15851827

The health effects of long-term ingestion of rare earth elements (REEs) on the villagers living in high-REE-background areas in South Jangxi Province, China were studied. Major health complaints from the REE area population included indigestion, diarrhea, abdominal distension, anorexia, weakness, and fatigue, especially after high-fat or high-protein intake. Liver function tests were conducted for adult villagers. Among them, 45 live in a heavy rare earth (HREE) area, 62 in a light rare earth (LREE) area, and 49 in the control area. Test results showed that serum total protein and globulin from both HREE and LREE areas, as well as albumin from the LREE area, were significantly lower (p < 0.01 - 0.01) compared to the results from the control area, whereas albumin from the HREE area showed no significant variance (p > 0.05). The chi-square test showed that Serum-glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) in both areas were not significant (p > 0.05), whereas the IgM in the HREE area was significantly elevated. It is our conclusion that long-term ingestion of REE affected activities of some digestive enzymes, causing malabsorption and indigestion, and might further lead to a low-protein effect for the villagers in the LREE area. However, the damage to the liver was rather mild. The elevation of IgM was probably the result of stimulation induced by the formation of a large amount of granules as a result of direct binding of REEs to globulin or albumin (combination of REEs with globulin or albumin).

Phase II Study of a Liposome-entrapped Cisplatin Analog (L-NDDP) Administered Intrapleurally and Pathologic Response Rates in Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. May, 2005  |  Pubmed ID: 15908659

To determine pathologic response rates to liposome-entrapped cis-bisneodecanoato-trans-R,R-1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum(II) (L-NDDP) administered intrapleurally in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

[Population Structure and Its Dynamics of Rare and Endangered Plant Alsophila Spinulosa]

Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao = The Journal of Applied Ecology / Zhongguo Sheng Tai Xue Xue Hui, Zhongguo Ke Xue Yuan Shenyang Ying Yong Sheng Tai Yan Jiu Suo Zhu Ban. Mar, 2005  |  Pubmed ID: 15943348

This paper analyzed the population structure of Alsophila spinulosa in seven plots by the method of spatial sere substituting for time sere, and measured its spatial distribution pattern and dynamics by applying five aggregate indices, C, K, m*, m*/m and Idelta. The spatial distribution pattern with different quadrat scale was examined, according to the map of individual location. The results indicated that the population structure of Alsophila spinulosa in the seven plots presented growing, stable, adult or senescent type, and the spatial distribution pattern was changed from clump to random with the development of Alsophila spinulosa population. The values of dispersion index Idelta of the population decreased with increasing quadrat scale.

Immunosuppression and Infectious Complications in Patients with Stage IV Indolent Lymphoma Treated with a Fludarabine, Mitoxantrone, and Dexamethasone Regimen

Cancer. Jul, 2005  |  Pubmed ID: 15948158

Myelosuppression and immunosuppression occur with purine analogs. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of combined fludarabine, mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone (FND) followed by interferon/dexamethasone on myelosuppression (absolute neutrophil counts), immunosuppression (CD4 and CD8 counts), and infectious complications in patients with previously untreated, Stage IV indolent lymphoma.

Feasibility of Using Hyperosmolar Mannitol As a Liquid Tumor Embolization Agent

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology. Jun-Jul, 2005  |  Pubmed ID: 15956507

This study assesses the cytotoxicity of hyperosmolar mannitol on human endothelial and meningioma cells in vitro and summarizes the initial clinical experience of using mannitol as a liquid tumor embolization agent.

Healing of Intracranial Aneurysms with Bioactive Coils

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America. Jul, 2005  |  Pubmed ID: 15990040

Inadequate healing is an important mechanism for aneurysm development and recanalization after embolization. Matrix coils have been shown by experimental studies to enhance vascular repair and fibrosis, thus reducing the risk of recanalization. The clinical application of Matrix coils represents the transition from pure mechanical occlusion to adjunct biologic healing of aneurysms. Our preliminary clinical experience reveals evidence of a healing response in aneurysms treated with Matrix coils. This technology can be further improved through the incorporation of new knowledge on the molecular pathogenesis of aneurysms and the cellular and molecular mechanisms of healing.

Randomized Phase II Designs in Cancer Clinical Trials: Current Status and Future Directions

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Jul, 2005  |  Pubmed ID: 15994154

Randomized phase II (RPh2) designs are popular in cancer clinical trials because of the smaller sample size requirements when multiple treatments are being evaluated. We reviewed the use of RPh2 designs and give comments on future directions.

A Method for Segmentation of Switching Dynamic Modes in Time Series

IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics : a Publication of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society. Oct, 2005  |  Pubmed ID: 16240779

A method to identify switching dynamics in time series, based on Annealed Competition of Experts algorithm (ACE), has been developed by Kohlmorgen et al. Incorrect selection of embedding dimension and time delay of the signal significantly affect the performance of the ACE method, however. In this paper, we utilize systematic approaches based on mutual information and false nearest neighbor to determine appropriate embedding dimension and time delay. Moreover, we obtained further improvements to the original ACE method by incorporating a deterministic annealing approach as well as phase space closeness measure. Using these improved implementations, we have enhanced the performance of the ACE algorithm in determining the location of the switching of dynamic modes in the time series. The application of the improved ACE method to heart rate data obtained from rats during control and administration of double autonomic blockade conditions indicate that the improved ACE algorithm is able to segment dynamic mode changes with pinpoint accuracy and that its performance is superior to the original ACE algorithm.

[Effects of Some Micronutrients on Partial Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male]

Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue = National Journal of Andrology. Oct, 2005  |  Pubmed ID: 16281517

With the step-up of the aging process, the increase of old population and the advance of living standard, China has already entered into the aged society. Problems on the health and life quality of the aging male have been receiving more and more attention from scientific researchers. Partial androgen deficiency in the aging male (PADAM) is a kind of syndrome which affects the aging male s health. At present, testosterone supplementation therapy is mostly used to improve the symptoms of PADAM, but it may bring some adverse effects, such as erythrocytosis and hyperplasia and carcinoma of the prostate. Some studies have shown that quite a few nutrients, especially vitamin A, vitamin E, zinc and selenium are favorably related to androgen deficiency and sperm production. This article discussed the effects of micronutrients on PADAM.

A Robust Method for Detection of Linear and Nonlinear Interactions: Application to Renal Blood Flow Dynamics

Annals of Biomedical Engineering. Feb, 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 16496083

We have developed a method that can identify switching dynamics in time series, termed the improved annealed competition of experts (IACE) algorithm. In this paper, we extend the approach and use it for detection of linear and nonlinear interactions, by employing histograms showing the frequency of switching modes obtained from the IACE, then examining time-frequency spectra. This extended approach is termed Histogram of improved annealed competition of experts-time frequency (HIACE-TF). The hypothesis is that frequent switching dynamics in HIACE-TF results are due to interactions between different dynamic components. To validate this assertion, we used both simulation examples as well as application to renal blood flow data. We compared simulation results to a time-phase bispectrum (TPB) approach, which can also be used to detect time-varying quadratic phase coupling between various components. We found that the HIACE-TF approach is more accurate than the TPB in detecting interactions, and remains accurate for signal-to-noise ratios as low as 15 dB. With all 10 data sets, comprised of volumetric renal blood flow data, we also validated the feasibility of the HIACE-TF approach in detecting nonlinear interactions between the two mechanisms responsible for renal autoregulation. Further validation of the HIACE-TF approach was achieved by comparing it to a realistic mathematical model that has the capability to generate either the presence or the absence of nonlinear interactions between two renal autoregulatory mechanisms.

Metastatic Melanoma to Lymph Nodes in Patients with Unknown Primary Sites

Cancer. May, 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 16568458

The natural history of metastatic melanoma in lymph nodes in the absence of a known primary site (MUP) has been defined poorly; thus, treatment guidelines for patients with MUP are not clear-cut.

Randomized Phase III Trial of Low-dose Isotretinoin for Prevention of Second Primary Tumors in Stage I and II Head and Neck Cancer Patients

Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Apr, 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 16595780

Isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) is a synthetic vitamin A derivative, or retinoid, widely used in the treatment of cystic acne. Preclinical and clinical studies of high-dose isotretinoin in patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) have produced encouraging results. We conducted a phase III randomized trial of low-dose isotretinoin versus placebo in early-stage HNSCC patients to assess its effect on second primary tumor incidence and survival.

Effect of Primary Tumor Extirpation in Breast Cancer Patients Who Present with Stage IV Disease and an Intact Primary Tumor

Annals of Surgical Oncology. Jun, 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 16614878

Currently, therapy for breast cancer patients with stage IV disease and an intact primary tumor is metastasis directed; the primary tumor is treated only when it causes symptoms. A recent review suggested that surgery may improve long-term survival in such patients. We evaluated the effect of surgery in such patients on long-term survival and disease progression.

Analysis of the Resveratrol-binding Protein Using Phage-displayed Random Peptide Library

Acta Biochimica Et Biophysica Sinica. May, 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 16680375

Resveratrol, a plant polyphenol, is found in significant amounts in the skin of grapes and in some traditional herbs. It is reported to exert different biological activities, such as inhibiting lipid peroxidation, scavenging free radicals, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and anticancer activity. In order to screen the resveratrol-binding proteins, we synthesized biotinylated resveratrol, purified by liquid chromatography and immobilized it into streptavidin-coated microplate wells. 3-(4,5-Demethylthiazol-)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay showed little change in the anticancer activity of biotinylated resveratrol in vitro. A random library of phage-displayed peptides was screened for binding to immobilized resveratrol to isolate resveratrol-binding proteins. Several peptides were found to bind to resveratrol specifically, which was proven by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Through amino acid sequence analysis of the selected peptides and human proteins using the BLAST program, the results showed that resveratrol has an affinity for various proteins such as breast cancer-associated antigen, breast cancer resistance protein, death-associated transcription factor, and human cyclin-dependent kinase. These results demonstrate that our study provides a feasible method for the study of binding proteins of natural compounds using a phage-displayed random peptide library.

[Long-term Results of Percutaneous Sonographically-guided Microwave Ablation Therapy of Early-stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma]

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. Mar, 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 16681963

To evaluate the long-term results of percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy in the treatment of early hepatocellular carcinoma.

[Evaluation of Long-term Therapeutic Effects of Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Microwave Ablation of Liver Metastases]

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. Mar, 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 16681966

To explore therapeutic results of local microwave ablation for hepatic metastasis and the factors influencing the survival after percutaneous microwave ablation therapy.

Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin: Defining a High-risk Group

Annals of Surgical Oncology. Jul, 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 16788750

Unlike its more common non-invasive form, invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin can be biologically aggressive and is prone to recur. The objectives of this study were to identify relevant clinicopathologic prognostic factors associated with the outcomes of patients with invasive SCC in order to define a high-risk group.

Nongalenic Arteriovenous Fistulas: History of Treatment and Technology

Neurosurgical Focus. 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 16819816

Nongalenic cerebral arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are uncommon, high-flow vascular lesions first treated by Walter Dandy and his colleagues by using open surgery with ligation of the feeding artery. Due to advances in endovascular technology over the past four decades that make possible the control of high flow in AVFs, treatment has evolved from the sole option of surgery to include the alternative or adjunct option of endovascular embolization. The authors of this review discuss the history of nongalenic AVF treatment, including techniques of both surgery and interventional neuroradiology and the technological developments underlying them.

Phase I/II Study of Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and Concomitant Boost Radiation for Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Sep, 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 16943532

To investigate the feasibility of combining concomitant boost accelerated radiation with docetaxel and cisplatin and assess the regimen's toxicity, locoregional control rate, and survival in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNSCC).

Breast Cancer in the Very Elderly: Treatment Patterns and Complications in a Tertiary Cancer Center

American Journal of Surgery. Oct, 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 16978971

The risk of developing breast cancer rises with increasing age. The very elderly population (80 years of age and greater) is often excluded from both clinical trials and retrospective analyses. We performed a retrospective review of the very elderly population treated at our institution in order to assess treatment patterns and the safety of therapy in an older population.

Agonistic Monoclonal Antibodies Potentiate Tumorigenic and Invasive Activities of Splicing Variant of the RON Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

Cancer Biology & Therapy. Sep, 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 16880737

Ligand-dependent or independent activation of the RON receptor tyrosine kinase is essential in transducing invasive signals leading to increased tumorigenic activities. In this study, we characterized two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to the extracellular domains of human RON and studied their agonistic effect on tumorigenic activities mediated by oncogenic variant RONDelta160. The mAb Zt/g4 and Zt/c1 are specific to human RON. They bind to RON with high affinities and recognized different epitopes on the RON extracellular domain. Because of their reactivity with native RON, Zt/g4 and Zt/c1 are useful in various applications such as immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescent analysis, and immunohistochemical staining. Functional studies revealed that Zt/g4 and Zt/c1 are capable of inducing RON phosphorylation which activates signaling proteins such as Erk1/2 and Akt. In NIH3T3 cells expressing RONDelta160, both mAbs significantly enhanced RONDelta160-mediated tumorigenic activities including cell proliferation, focus formation, and anchorage-independent growth. Cell shape changes with increased motile and invasive activities were also observed. Studies in vivo further demonstrated that Zt/g4 and Zt/c1 increase RONDelta160-mediated tumor growth in nude mice with a shortened time of onset and enlarged tumor volume. Thus, by recognizing specific epitopes on the RON extracellular domains, Zt/g4 and Zt/c1 have abilities to elicit a full array of RON-mediated responses. These mAbs will be useful in studying mechanisms underlying RON activation which lead to increased tumorigenic activities.

[Inhibitory Effect of Surgassum Thunbergii on Heterosigma Akashiwo and Skeletonema Costatum]

Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao = The Journal of Applied Ecology / Zhongguo Sheng Tai Xue Xue Hui, Zhongguo Ke Xue Yuan Shenyang Ying Yong Sheng Tai Yan Jiu Suo Zhu Ban. Dec, 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 17330493

By the method of co-culture, this paper studied the inhibitory effect of Surgassum thunbergii culture filtrate, fresh tissue, dry powder, and aqueous extract on the growth of Heterosigma akashiwo and Skeletonema costatum. An isolated co-culture system was built, which confirmed the existence of allelochemicals and precluded the growth inhibition by direct contact. The results showed that the fresh tissue, dry powder, and aqueous extract of S. thunbergii could significantly inhibit the growth of H. akashiwo and S. costatum, and had lethal effect at relatively higher concentrations. The culture filtrate of S. thunbergii had no inhibitory effect on H. akashiwo, but could significantly inhibit the growth of S. costatum under initial or semi-continuous filtrate addition.

[Studies on Active Substance of Anticancer Effect in Polygonum Cuspidatum]

Zhong Yao Cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials. Jul, 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 17059010

To supply the scientific basis of research and development of the medicinal value of Polygonum cuspidatum.

[Nitrogen Stress Measurement of Canola Based on Multi-spectral Charged Coupled Device Imaging Sensor]

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu. Sep, 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 17112062

Site-specific variable nitrogen application is one of the major precision crop production management operations. Obtaining sufficient crop nitrogen stress information is essential for achieving effective site-specific nitrogen applications. The present paper describes the development of a multi-spectral nitrogen deficiency sensor, which uses three channels (green, red, near-infrared) of crop images to determine the nitrogen level of canola. This sensor assesses the nitrogen stress by means of estimated SPAD value of the canola based on canola canopy reflectance sensed using three channels (green, red, near-infrared) of the multi-spectral camera. The core of this investigation is the calibration methods between the multi-spectral references and the nitrogen levels in crops measured using a SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter. Based on the results obtained from this study, it can be concluded that a multi-spectral CCD camera can provide sufficient information to perform reasonable SPAD values estimation during field operations.

Identification and Validation of Differences in Protein Levels in Normal, Premalignant, and Malignant Lung Cells and Tissues Using High-throughput Western Array and Immunohistochemistry

Cancer Research. Dec, 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 17145864

The identification of proteins, which exhibit different levels in normal, premalignant, and malignant lung cells, could improve early diagnosis and intervention. We compared the levels of proteins in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) and tumorigenic HBE cells (1170-I) by high-throughput immunoblotting (PowerBlot Western Array) using 800 monoclonal antibodies. This analysis revealed that 87 proteins increased by >2-fold, and 45 proteins decreased by >2-fold, in 1170-I compared with NHBE cells. These proteins are involved in DNA synthesis and repair, cell cycle regulation, RNA transcription and degradation, translation, differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton and cell motility, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway. Conventional Western blotting using lysates of normal, immortalized, transformed, and tumorigenic HBEs and non-small cell lung cancer cell lines confirmed some of these changes. The expression of several of these proteins has been then analyzed by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays containing 323 samples, including normal bronchial epithelium, hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, dysplasias, squamous cell carcinomas, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, and adenocarcinomas from 144 patients. The results of the immunohistochemical studies correlated with the Western blotting findings and showed gradual increases (caspase-8, signal transducers and activators of transcription 5, and p70s6K) or decrease (E-cadherin) in levels with tumor progression. These results indicate that the changes in proteins detected in this study may occur early in lung carcinogenesis and persist in lung cancer. In addition, some of the proteins detected by this approach may be novel biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer and novel targets for chemoprevention or therapy.

Homocysteine, Folate, and Vitamin B-12 and Cognitive Performance in Older Chinese Adults: Findings from the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Dec, 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 17158436

The relations of elevated homocysteine, low folate, and vitamin B-12 with cognitive performance in nondemented elderly are not well established. Limited research data suggest differential effects of homocysteine and folate on specific cognitive domains.

[Audiological and Vestibular Evaluation of New Coagulation Factor C Homology Mutation Carriers in a Chinese Family]

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Aug, 2007  |  Pubmed ID: 17944208

To analyze the clinical features of audiological and vestibular function in a Chinese family with late onset autosomal dominant nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss.

Effects of Ginkgolide B on 6-OHDA-induced Apoptosis and Calcium over Load in Cultured PC12

International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience. Dec, 2007  |  Pubmed ID: 17981425

Ginkgolide B, one of the major components of Ginkgo biloba extracts, is a potent platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist, which is also regarded as having neuroprotective effects on the CNS. The aim of this research is to observe the effects of Ginkgolide B on the PC12 apoptosis induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and to explore whether these effects are related to the changes of intracellular Ca(2+) and Calbindin D28K mRNA in PC12 cells. In the present work, the damage of PC12 cells was induced by 100 microM 6-OHDA. The cells survival rate was examined by MTT assays. The intracellular free calcium concentration in PC12 cells was measured by using the fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator fluo-3/AM. Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to determine the expression of Calbindin D28K mRNA in PC12. The data show that the Ginkgolide B inhibited PC12 cells apoptosis induced by 6-OHDA in a dose-dependent manner, and decreased the activity of caspase-3. In addition, Ginkgolide B increased the expression of Calbindin D28K mRNA and inhibited 6-OHDA-induced elevation in the intracellular calcium concentration. Our results showed that the Ginkgolide B inhibited the apoptosis of PC12 induced by 6-OHDA, and the protective effects of Ginkgolide B on PC12 cells are mediated, at least in part, by up-regulating the Calbindin D28K mRNA and by decreasing the intracellular calcium concentration.

Implication of AMP-activated Protein Kinase and Akt-regulated Survivin in Lung Cancer Chemopreventive Activities of Deguelin

Cancer Research. Dec, 2007  |  Pubmed ID: 18089792

Survivin plays important roles in maintaining cell proliferation and survival and promoting tumorigenesis. The present study was conducted to determine the stage of lung carcinogenesis at which survivin expression is induced and to investigate how survivin affects the chemopreventive action of deguelin. In in vitro studies, we observed higher levels of survivin expression in a subset of premalignant and malignant human bronchial epithelial (HBE) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines than in normal HBE cells, and in in vivo studies, a higher level of survivin expression in specimen of human lung dysplasia than in normal lung specimens. Treatment with deguelin inhibited de novo synthesis of survivin protein and induced apoptosis, resulting in suppression of transformation phenotypes, in the premalignant and malignant HBE and NSCLC cell lines. Deguelin inhibited survivin expression in tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) but not in TSC2-knockout MEFs in which mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is constitutively active. Deguelin induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inactivation of Akt. Overexpression of constitutively active Akt abolished deguelin-induced modulation of AMPK activity and survivin expression. Conversely, inactivation of AMPK by compound C or AMPKalpha1/2 small interfering RNA restored Akt and mTOR activities and survivin expression in deguelin-treated HBE cells. These results suggest that survivin expression is induced as an early event in lung carcinogenesis, and deguelin acts as a chemopreventive agent by inducing a reciprocal regulation between AMPK and Akt, resulting in the inhibition of mTOR-mediated survivin.

[Study on the Detection of Gray Mold of Tomato Leave Based on Vis-near Infrared Spectra]

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu. Nov, 2007  |  Pubmed ID: 18260396

Visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (Vis/NIRS) technique was applied to the detection of disease level of grey mold on tomato leave. Chemometrics was used to build the relationship between the reflectance spectra and disease level. In order to decrease the amount of calculation and improve the accuracy of the model, principal component analysis (PCA) was executed to reduce numerous wavebands into several principal components (PCs) as input variables of BP neural network. The loading value of PC1 was applied to qualitatively analyze which wavebands were more important for disease detection. Prediction results showed that when the number of primary PCs was 8 and the hidden nodes of BP neural network were 11, the detection performance of the model was good as correlation coefficient (r) was 0.930 while standard error of prediction (SEP) was 0.068 7. Thus, it is concluded that spectroscopy technology is an available technique for the detection of disease level of grey mold on tomato leave based on chemometrics used for data analysis.

Parthenolide Protects Human Lens Epithelial Cells from Oxidative Stress-induced Apoptosis Via Inhibition of Activation of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9

Cell Research. Jun, 2007  |  Pubmed ID: 17339884

The apoptosis of lens epithelial cells has been proposed as the common basis of cataract formation, with oxidative stress as the major cause. This study was performed to investigate the protective effect of the herbal constituent parthenolide against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of human lens epithelial (HLE) cells and the possible molecular mechanisms involved. HLE cells (SRA01-04) were incubated with 50 microM H(2)O(2) in the absence or presence of different doses of parthenolide (10, 20 and 50 microM). To study apoptosis, the cells were assessed by morphologic examination and Annexin V-propidium iodide double staining flow cytometry; to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms, the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were assayed by Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR, and the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were measured by a Chemicon caspase colorimetric activity assay kit. Stimulated with H(2)O(2) for 18 h, a high fraction of HLE cells underwent apoptosis, while in the presence of parthenolide of different concentrations, dose-dependent blocking of HLE cell apoptosis was observed. The expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 induced by H(2)O(2) in HLE cells was significantly reduced by parthenolide both at the protein and mRNA levels, and the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 was also suppressed by parthenolide in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, parthenolide prevents HLE cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through inhibition of the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, suggesting a potential protective effect against cataract formation.

Notch Signaling Inhibits Growth of the Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line A549

Oncology Reports. Apr, 2007  |  Pubmed ID: 17342326

In lung cancers the Notch signaling may function as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor depending on the tumor cell types. In this study we examined the expression of Notch receptors in the human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 and SPC-A-1. We over-expressed the active form of Notch1 (NIC) in A549 cells by constitutive transfection to evaluate the effects of the Notch signaling on lung adenocarcinoma cells. Our results showed that over-expression of NIC in A549 cells inhibited the growth of A549 cells through induction of cell cycle arrest. Moreover, over-expression of NIC inhibited the colony-forming activity of A549 cells when cultured in methylcellulose medium, and their ability to form tumors in nude mice. These data suggest that the Notch signaling may function as a tumor inhibitor in human lung adenocarcinoma cells.

[Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Plasma MCP-1 and MSP in AIDS Patients]

Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical Sciences. Mar, 2007  |  Pubmed ID: 17443907

To study the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on plasma levels of MSP and MCP-1 in AIDS patients.

[Contribution of Disruptive Behavior Disorder to Balance Function of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder]

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Peking University. Health Sciences. Jun, 2007  |  Pubmed ID: 17572778

To investigate whether the likelihood of balance impairment in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increases with the presence of disruptive behavior disorder (DBD), and whether the likelihood of co-occurring diagnosis of DBD increases in ADHD children with severer balance deficit.

[A Pilot Study on Effect of Methylphenidate on Balance Function of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder]

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Peking University. Health Sciences. Jun, 2007  |  Pubmed ID: 17572789

To explore the effect of methylphenidate on the balance function of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and the correlation between the variations of balance function and subjective clinical assessment before and after treatment.

[Motor Coordination Function of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (review)]

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Peking University. Health Sciences. Jun, 2007  |  Pubmed ID: 17572795

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are both childhood disorders identified in the DSM-IV. Studies investigating ADHD have found that around half of ADHD cases also have motor problems severe enough to be diagnosed as DCD. Further, children initially diagnosed as DCD have also been found to meet moderate to severe diagnosis for ADHD. Both disorders have been linked to a lot of psychosocial problems. Furthermore, when ADHD and DCD are co-morbid, the outcome tends to be more severe than when either disorder occurs alone. In the past decade, many studies identified shown that ADHD children experienced difficulties with both fine motor movements and gross motor movements. Notably, most of these foregoing studies found balance functions of ADHD were impaired. In order to maintain balance under a verity of environmental conditions, sensory information from somatosensory, visual, and vestibular origins must be integrated by the central nervous system. But there are rich evidences suggesting that children with ADHD can not organize the motor information effectively. The maintenance and control of posture and balance, whether in static or dynamic conditions, are essential requirements for daily activity. The balance function has been closely associated not only with both gross motor movements, such as sitting, standing, walking and fine motor movements, but also with human behaviors. There are increasing evidences suggesting that balance deficit correlates with symptoms of ADHD. Therefore, motor coordination difficulties co-occurring with ADHD should be given emphasis in clinical practice; the training of balance may be one of the possible methods to improve the motor coordination function in ADHD children.

[Mitochondrial Transmembrane Potential Loss Caused by Reactive Oxygen Species Plays a Major Role in Sodium Selenite-induced Apoptosis in NB4 Cells]

Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae. Jun, 2007  |  Pubmed ID: 17633456

To investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-caused mitochondrial transmembrane potential loss in sodium selenite-induced apoptosis in NB4 cells.

Vascular Endothelial Sampling and Analysis of Gene Transcripts: a New Quantitative Approach to Monitor Vascular Inflammation

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). Nov, 2007  |  Pubmed ID: 17717122

Limited access to endothelial tissue is a major constraint when investigating the cellular mechanisms of vascular inflammation in patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We introduce venous endothelial sampling coupled to quantitative analysis of gene transcripts by real-time PCR, as a novel approach to study endothelial gene expression in human subjects.

[Clinical Observation of the Changes of Serum Helper T-lymphocytes (TH) Cytokines in Patients with HIV-infection and Opportunistic Infection]

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine]. Jan, 2007  |  Pubmed ID: 17484210

To observe the changes of serum helper T-Lymphocyte (Th) cytokines at each stage in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and with opportunistic infection.

Optimization of Transfection Mediated by Calcium Phosphate for Plasmid RAAV-LacZ (recombinant Adeno-associated Virus-beta-galactosidase Reporter Gene) Production in Suspension-cultured HEK-293 (human Embryonic Kidney 293) Cells

Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. Feb, 2007  |  Pubmed ID: 17052245

rAAV (recombinant adeno-associated virus) has become a very useful gene-delivery vector for gene therapy. However, it is very difficult to generate rAAV using triple transfection on a commercial scale, owing to its low productivity and inconveniently adhesive nature of its culture. An optimal suspension-culture transfection procedure was developed for rAAV-LacZ production in suspended HEK-293 cells mediated by calcium phosphate (lacZ, a reporter gene, codes for beta-galactosidase). The study showed that cytotoxicity of transfection complexes and cell aggregation in suspension culture were two key factors affecting high suspension-culture transfection efficiency. Cytotoxicity of transfection complexes was influenced effectively by mixture of Ca(2+) and plasmid DNA when their concentrations were decreased from 300 to 150 mM and from 3.0 to 1.5 microg/ml respectively, as manifested by a relatively higher cell viability after suspension-culture transfection. Moreover, the transfection efficiency was still less than 15%. In addition, we explored the disruption of cell aggregation and the control of transfection-complex size with 2.0 mM EGTA treatment for 30 min before transfection and the addition of 100 mM Mg(2+) during transfection respectively, procedures which enhanced transfection efficiency significantly, owing to more contact and endocytosis between cells and transfection complexes. Finally, the high transfection level and rAAV-LacZ titre achieved under optimized suspension-culture transfection conditions, namely 40% and 5 x 10(11) v.g. (vector genomes)/60 ml of medium respectively, is promising for the technique's application in the large-scale production of rAAV.

Diabetes Mellitus Among Cancer Survivors

Journal of Cancer Survivorship : Research and Practice. Jun, 2007  |  Pubmed ID: 18648951

Cancer and cancer treatments are associated with diabetes mellitus in some patients. The purpose of this review is to look at the association and potential impact of diabetes mellitus on the health profiles of a large cohort of cancer survivors.

Albumin, Haemoglobin, BMI and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults

Age and Ageing. Jul, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 18495687

to examine the relationships between serum albumin, haemoglobin and body mass index (BMI) with cognitive performance among community-living older adults.

Characterization of Conserved and Novel MicroRNAs and Their Targets, Including a TuMV-induced TIR-NBS-LRR Class R Gene-derived Novel MiRNA in Brassica

FEBS Letters. Jul, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 18558089

Nine conserved miRNA families and three potential novel miRNAs in Brassica rapa were identified from a small RNA library. The expression patterns of some conserved miRNAs had different tissue specificity in Brassica and Arabidopsis. One of the three potential miRNAs, named bra-miR1885, was verified as a true functional miRNA. It could be induced specifically by Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infection, and target TIR-NBS-LRR class disease-resistant transcripts for cleavage. Based on the hypothesis for de novo generation of new miRNA genes and the sequence similarity between bra-MIR1885 precursor loci and target transcript sequences, we suggest that bra-MIR1885 is a new miRNA gene that originated through inverted duplication events from TIR-NBS-LRR class disease-resistant protein-coding gene sequences, which became bra-miR1885 targets.

Tea Consumption and Cognitive Impairment and Decline in Older Chinese Adults

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Jul, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 18614745

Laboratory research suggests that tea has potential neurocognitive protective effects, but this is not established in humans.

[PAHs of Source Separation Household Organic Waste and Composting Production]

Huan Jing Ke Xue= Huanjing Kexue / [bian Ji, Zhongguo Ke Xue Yuan Huan Jing Ke Xue Wei Yuan Hui "Huan Jing Ke Xue" Bian Ji Wei Yuan Hui.]. Mar, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 18649555

Composing treatments of source separation (SS) household bio-organic waste and straw mixed in 10:1, 16 kinds of PAHs in source separation household bio-organic waste and compost production were determined by gas chromatograph/mass spectrograph (GC-MS) according to U.S.EPA 8270 standard method. Comparing 16 kinds of PAHs content, distributing and biodegradability,we evaluated the PAHs risk in farmland and discoursed the impact factors of PAHs biodegradability in household bio-organic waste composting. The results show that SigmaPAH16 contents in source separation household bio-organic waste and composting production is 2.19 and 1.96 mg/kg DM, and the contents of naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene are relatively higher than others. The percent of these four organic pollutions is 79.76% and 81.76% in PAH16, respectively. The benzene loop number of these four organic pollutions is 2-3, and it' s easily degradable non-carcinogen in farmland utilization. SigmaPAH16 biodegradability is 25.88%, and the content of PAHs in SS household bio-organic waste compost production fits the farmland utilization criteria.

Preoperative Vitamin D Replacement Therapy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Safe and Beneficial?

Surgery. Dec, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 19040987

The significance of vitamin D deficiency with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) remains unclear. The safety and value of preoperative vitamin D (Vit D) replacement is unknown.

Pilot Randomized Phase II Study of Celecoxib in Oral Premalignant Lesions

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. Apr, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 18381950

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-specific inhibition suppresses carcinogenesis in preclinical models and is a promising strategy for preventing oral cancer. In this pilot randomized phase II study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in patients with oral premalignant lesions (OPL).

Transarterial Embolization of Clival Dural Arteriovenous Fistulae Using Liquid Embolic Agents

Neurosurgery. Feb, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 18382318

Dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVFs) rarely involve the clivus. This report examines the clinical presentation, angiographic findings, endovascular management, and outcome of clival DAVFs. Particular attention was given to safety and efficacy of transarterial embolization using liquid embolic agents.

Parathyroid Exploration in the Reoperative Neck: Improved Preoperative Localization with 4D-computed Tomography

Journal of the American College of Surgeons. May, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 18471717

Reoperation for hyperparathyroidism (HPT) carries an increased risk for morbidity and failure to cure. Accurate preoperative localization minimizes operative risk but is often difficult to achieve in the reoperative setting. Four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) is an emerging technique that uses functional parathyroid anatomy for precise preoperative localization. We evaluated 4D-CT as a tool for localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue in the reoperative setting.

Timing of Surgical Intervention for the Intact Primary in Stage IV Breast Cancer Patients

Annals of Surgical Oncology. Jun, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 18357493

Recent studies demonstrate improved progression-free survival (PFS) and improved overall survival (OS) with extirpation of the primary tumor in breast cancer patients who present with metastatic disease at initial diagnosis. The subset of patients who would most benefit from surgery remains unclear. This study evaluates the pathological attributes and optimum timing for surgery in patients who present with stage IV breast cancer and an intact primary.

[Experimental Study on Methane Potentials of Source-separated BMW and Individual Waste Materials]

Huan Jing Ke Xue= Huanjing Kexue / [bian Ji, Zhongguo Ke Xue Yuan Huan Jing Ke Xue Wei Yuan Hui "Huan Jing Ke Xue" Bian Ji Wei Yuan Hui.]. Aug, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 18839599

A laboratory procedure is described for measuring methane potentials of source-separated bio-organic municipal waste (BMW). Triplicate reactors with about 20 grams fresh material were incubated at 37 degrees C with 300 mL inoculum from Shenyang wastewater treatment plant and the methane production was followed over a 50 d period by regular measurement of methane on a gas chromatograph. At 37 degrees C, the methane production efficiency of source-separated BMW and individual waste materials was: starch > BMW > protein > food oil > fat > paper. For the source-separated BMW,starch,protein,food oil,fat and paper, the methane potential (CH4/VS) of 218.15, 209.11, 194.20, 238.86, 257.82 and 131.41 mL/g were found,and ultimate biodegradability of 6 difference materials were 67.73%, 72.88%, 65.84%, 78.38%, 74.11% and 47.98%, respectively.

Therapeutic Embolization of Meningiomas with Onyx for Delayed Surgical Resection

Surgical Neurology. Nov, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 18261767

Liquid embolic agents can achieve penetration of capillaries in tumors and thus may be even more effective at creating tumor necrosis than small particles. This study assesses the safety and efficacy of preoperative embolization of meningiomas with Onyx liquid embolic agent (Micro Therapeutics, Inc, Irvine, Calif) for delayed surgical resection.

Pulse Compression Radar Reflectometry to Measure Electron Density in Plasma with Parasitic Reflections

The Review of Scientific Instruments. Jul, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 18681701

Pulse compression radar reflectometry is used to obtain electron density profile in plasma with parasitic reflections in this article. The pulse compression radar relies on the relation between the temporal width of a pulse and the frequency bandwidth of this pulse: Deltat proportional, variant1Deltaf. So a set of sweep-frequency microwaves within a bandwidth Deltaf can be introduced sequentially into the plasma to obtain the same information as the one obtained by a real pulse. By applying a Fourier transform to the data of reflectivity array in the frequency domain, the temporal response in the time domain is obtained. The limitation of the parasitic reflections on measurement can be eliminated from the temporal response by the method of time gate. This is a prominent advantage when this method is compared to the traditional reflectometry. For this method, an appropriate compromise between the spatial resolution and the electron density resolution is important. Experimental results show that the profile obtained from pulse compression radar reflectometry is similar to that from a double Langmuir probe.

Notch Activation Promotes Cell Proliferation and the Formation of Neural Stem Cell-like Colonies in Human Glioma Cells

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. Jan, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 17849174

Since Notch signaling plays a critical role in stem cells and oncogenesis, we hypothesized that Notch signaling might play roles in cancer stem cells and cancer cells with a stem cell phenotype. In this study, we accessed potential functions of the Notch pathway in the formation of cancer stem cells using human glioma. Using RT-PCR, we found that most human astrogliomas of different grades expressed moderate to high level of Notch receptors and ligands. mRNA of Hes5 but not Hes1, both of which are major downstream molecules of the Notch pathway, was also detected. In human glioma cell lines BT325, U251, SHG-44, and U87, mRNA encoding different types of Notch receptors were detected, but active form of Notch1 (NIC) was only detected in SHG-44 and U87 by Western blot. Interestingly, proliferation of these two glioma cell lines appeared faster than that of the other two lines in which NIC was not detected. We have over-expressed NIC of Notch1 in SHG-44 cells by constitutive transfection to evaluate the effects of Notch signaling on glioma cells. Our results showed that over-expression of NIC in SHG-44 cells promoted the growth and the colony-forming activity of SHG-44 cells. Interestingly, over-expression of NIC increased the formation neurosphere-like colonies in the presence of growth factors. These colonies expressed nestin, and could be induced to cells expressing neuron-, astrocyte-, or oligodendrocyte-specific markers, consistent with phenotypes of neural stem cells. These data suggest that Notch signaling promote the formation of cancer stem cell-like cells in human glioma.

[Nondestructive Detection of Grey Mold of Eggplant Based on Ground Multi-spectral Imaging Sensor]

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu. Jul, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 18844147

Botrytis cinerea Pers. is a worldwide fungus. It is a severe threat to eggplant. Chemistry methods can do an accurate identification, however they are time-consuming, require execution by professionals and are high cost. The present paper presents the development of a ground based multi-spectral imaging sensor for the grey mold detection. Three channels (green, red, near-infrared) of crop images were acquired. Two algorithm systems were developed. The objective of the image processing is to obtain a binary image, which could point out the location of symptoms as accurately as possible. Two image processing methods were developed. It could be seen that method 1 can diagnose the symptoms accurately even if the symptoms are small while method 2 can only diagnose the symptoms with a certain extent area and the detection of symptoms is not very accurate. However, the images processed by method 1 showed some error diagnoses while the method 2 did not. It was concluded that both methods have some advantages and disadvantages. In the agriculture practice, the diagnosis environment will be more complex than in the greenhouse. Some things such as dry soil and perished leaf fragment will disturb the symptom detection by naked eyes when the grower stands away from the leaf. Two image process methods can diagnose the symptoms clearly although the position based on method 2 was a little deviated. It was concluded that the symptoms were well detected using multi-spectra imaging technique even there were some disturbances. Thus, multi-spectral imaging technique is available for the symptoms detection of grey mold on eggplant leaves.

[Effects of NaCl Stress on Hovenia Dulcis and Gleditsia Sinensis Seedlings Growth, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, and Active Oxygen Metabolism]

Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao = The Journal of Applied Ecology / Zhongguo Sheng Tai Xue Xue Hui, Zhongguo Ke Xue Yuan Shenyang Ying Yong Sheng Tai Yan Jiu Suo Zhu Ban. Nov, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 19238854

With potted Hovenia dulcis and Gleditsia sinensis seedlings as test materials, their plant growth, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, and active oxygen metabolism under stress of different concentration (0, 0.15%, 0.30%, 0.45%, and 0.60%) NaCl were studied. The results showed that with increasing concentration of NaCl, the plant growth, leaf chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency of PS II (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of PS II (phi(PS II)), and photochemical quenching (q(P)) decreased gradually, while the non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence (q(N)) was in adverse. After 10 days of 0. 15% NaCl stress, the leaf chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm, phi(PS II), and q(P) of H. dulcis seedlings decreased by 19.77%, 2.94%, 29.03%, and 8.16%, respectively, with significant differences (P<0.05) to the control, while no significant differences were observed for G. sinensis seedlings. Compared with the control, the Fv/Fm and phi(PS II), of G. sinensis seedlings in treatment 0.30% NaCl decreased significantly by 1.91% and 14.66%, and the chlorophyll content and q(P) of the seedling in treatment 0.45% NaCl decreased significantly by 29.28% and 11.36%, respectively (P<0.05). With increasing concentration of NaCl, the SOD activity of G. sinensis seedlings showed a consistent increasing trend, and that of H. dulcis seedlings increased first and decreased then. The POD and CAT activities of G. sinensis and H. dulci seedlings tended to increase first and decrease then, with the increment being higher for G. sinensis than for H. dulci, while the MDA content of the seedlings had an increasing trend, with the increment being higher for H. dulcis than for G. sinensis, suggesting that the cell membrane lipid peroxidation of H. dulcis was more serious than that of G. sinensis. It was concluded that G. sinensis had greater salt tolerance than H. dulcis, which was related toits higher anti-oxidation enzyme activities.

Internally Cooled Antenna for Microwave Ablation: Results in Ex Vivo and in Vivo Porcine Livers

European Journal of Radiology. Aug, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 17768024

To evaluate the performance of microwave ablation with an internally cooled antenna in ex vivo and in vivo porcine livers.

Improvement in the Suspension-culture Production of Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus-LacZ in HEK-293 Cells Using Polyethyleneimine-DNA Complexes in Combination with Hypothermic Treatment

Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. Jun, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 17880281

rAAV (recombinant adeno-associated virus) has become a very useful gene-delivery vector for gene therapy. However, it is very difficult to generate rAAV using triple transfection on a commercial scale, owing to its low transfection efficiency. An optimal procedure for transfection in suspension-culture mode was developed for rAAV-LacZ production in suspension-cultured HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney-293) cells mediated by PEI (polyethyleneimine)-DNA complexes in combination with transient severe hypothermia at 4 degrees C for 1 h in the present study (LacZ is the product of the reporter gene lacZ, which codes for beta-D-galactosidase). It showed that the PEI/DNA ratio, cell density at the beginning of transfection and cell-cycle arrest in G2/M-phase were key factors affecting suspension-culture triple-transfection efficiency and rAAV-LacZ productivity. After incubation at 4 degrees C for 1 h and re-warming at 37 degrees C for 18 h, HEK-293 cells at 1x10(6) cells/ml were transfected with PEI-DNA complexes at a PEI/DNA ratio of 5:1 (w/w) with final concentrations of 30 mug/ml 25 kDa linear PEI and 6 mug/ml plasmid DNA in culture. After 6 h incubation for transfection, an equal volume of medium was added to the culture for additional 48 h growth until harvest. Finally, the high transfection efficiency of some 75% and rAAV-LacZ titre of (7.48+/-0.59)x10(11) physical particles or 1.86+/-0.96x10(10) infectious particles were achieved in 250 ml shake flasks with 60 ml working volume, indicating a promising application for scale-up.

Safe Fabrication of Sharp Gold Tips for Light Emission in Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy

Ultramicroscopy. May, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 17949907

Gold is the optimal tip metal for light emission in scanning tunnelling microscopy (LESTM) under ambient conditions. Sharp Au-tips of approximately 10 nm radius were produced reliably using a safe, two-step etching method in 20% (w/w) CaCl2 solution. Previous CaCl2-based methods have tended to produce blunter tips, while other etching techniques that do produce sharp Au-tips, do so with the use of toxic or hazardous electrolytes. The tips are characterised using scanning electron microscopy and their efficacy in LESTM is evidenced by high-resolution, simultaneous topographic and photon mapping of Au(111)- and polycrystalline Au-surfaces. Spectra of the optical emission exhibit only one or two peaks with etched tips in contrast to the more complex spectra typical of cut tips; this feature, together with the highly symmetric geometry of the tips, facilitates a definitive analysis of the light emission process.

Olfactory Ensheathing Cells Conditioned Medium Prevented Apoptosis Induced by 6-OHDA in PC12 Cells Through Modulation of Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathways

International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience. May-Jun, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 18295431

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) express a high level of growth factors which play a very important role as neuronal support. Recent evidence in literatures showed that transplantation of OECs may improve functional restoration in 6-OHDA-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the biological function of various factors released from OECs in Parkinson' disease is still unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of newborn rat OECs conditioned medium (CM) on PC12 cells. Cells treated with 6-OHDA underwent cytotoxicity and apoptotic death determined by MTT assay and Hoechst 33342/PI staining. OECs CM was able to reduce the cellular damage in PC12 cells. Further investigation results showed that CM inhibited the disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, up-regulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax. Taken together, this study indicates that CM has a neuroprotective effect on 6-OHDA induced apoptosis of PC12 cells, which is through up-regulation of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and protection for mitochondrion.

Adjuvant High-dose Interferon for Cutaneous Melanoma is Most Beneficial for Patients with Early Stage III Disease

Cancer. May, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 18320602

Evidence from randomized trials in the pre-sentinel lymph node biopsy era indicate that adjuvant treatment with high-dose interferon-alpha (IFN) increases recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with high-risk melanoma. However, to the authors' knowledge, the role of this treatment in selected patients with early stage III disease has not been well studied.

Selective Induction of Cell-mediated Immunity and Protection of Rhesus Macaques from Chronic SHIV(KU2) Infection by Prophylactic Vaccination with a Conserved HIV-1 Envelope Peptide-cocktail

Virology. Jan, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 17920095

Infection of Indian-origin rhesus macaques by the simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) is considered to be a suitable preclinical model for directly testing efficacy of vaccine candidates based on the HIV-1 envelope. We used this model for prophylactic vaccination with a peptide-cocktail comprised of highly conserved HIV-1 envelope sequences immunogenic/antigenic in macaques and humans. Separate groups of macaques were immunized with the peptide-cocktail by intravenous and subcutaneous routes using autologous dendritic cells (DC) and Freund's adjuvant, respectively. The vaccine elicited antigen specific IFN-gamma-producing cells and T-cell proliferation, but not HIV-neutralizing antibodies. The vaccinated animals also exhibited efficient cross-clade cytolytic activity against target cells expressing envelope proteins corresponding to HIV-1 strains representative of multiple clades that increased after intravenous challenge with pathogenic SHIV(KU2). Virus-neutralizing antibodies were either undetectable or present only transiently at low levels in the control as well as vaccinated monkeys after infection. Significant control of plasma viremia leading to undetectable levels was achieved in majority of vaccinated monkeys compared to mock-vaccinated controls. Monkeys vaccinated with the peptide-cocktail using autologous DC, compared to Freund's adjuvant, and the mock-vaccinated animals, showed significantly higher IFN-gamma production, higher levels of vaccine-specific IFN-gamma producing CD4(+) cells and significant control of plasma viremia. These results support DC-based vaccine delivery and the utility of the conserved HIV-1 envelope peptide-cocktail, capable of priming strong cell-mediated immunity, for potential inclusion in HIV vaccination strategies.

[Effects of Different Doses and Concentrations of Ropivacaine in Axillary Brachial Plexus Block]

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. Apr, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 18754438

To evaluate clinic pharmacodynamics of ropivacaine hydrochloride, a new long-acting amide type local anaesthetic, in Chinese patients undergoing neurolysis and tendolysis of forearm through axillary brachial plexus block.

3p22.1 and 10q22.3 Deletions Detected by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH): a Potential New Tool for Early Detection of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Journal of Thoracic Oncology : Official Publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. Sep, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 18758299

Our objective was to study the feasibility of detecting chromosomal deletions at 3p22.1 and 10q22.3 by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and to examine their distribution in different areas of the airway in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

KyoT3, an Isoform of Murine FHL1, Associates with the Transcription Factor RBP-J and Represses the RBP-J-mediated Transactivation

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Dec, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 18760388

Previously, we have shown that KyoT2, an isoform of the four and a half LIM domain protein 1 (FHL1), modulates Notch signaling via repressing RBP-J-mediated transactivation. In this study, we investigated the effect of another isoform of FHL1, KyoT3, on transactivation of a RBP-J-dependent promoter. We found that KyoT3 was expressed widely in a variety of tissues. By constructing EGFP fusion proteins, we showed that KyoT3 locates preferentially in nucleus. KyoT3 interacted with RBP-J, as shown by co-immunoprecipitation assays. Moreover, we demonstrated by a reporter assay that KyoT3 repressed transactivation of a RBP-J-dependent promoter, which was activated by both the Notch intracellular domain and Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2, an EB virus-encoded oncoprotein. These results suggest a multi-elemental control of the Notch signaling pathway, which is critical for cell differentiation in development.

Podoplanin: a Novel Marker for Oral Cancer Risk in Patients with Oral Premalignancy

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Jan, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 18202409

Oral leukoplakia (OPL) is a heterogeneous oral lesion with an increased oral cancer risk. Current clinical parameters cannot predict the potential of malignant transformation in patients with OPL. We have shown that podoplanin, a lymphatic endothelial marker, is highly expressed in oral cancer and some oral premalignancies. The purpose of this study is to determine a role of podoplanin in predicting oral cancer development in patients with OPL.

[Population Life Process and Spectral Analysis of Rare and Endangered Plant Alsophila Spinulosa]

Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao = The Journal of Applied Ecology / Zhongguo Sheng Tai Xue Xue Hui, Zhongguo Ke Xue Yuan Shenyang Ying Yong Sheng Tai Yan Jiu Suo Zhu Ban. Dec, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 19288706

According to population life table and survival analysis theory, the time-specific life table and the survival function curve of Alsophila spinulosa population were established and drawn based on height class, and the life process of the population was analyzed. The results revealed that the population structure of A. spinulosa was of the type ascending at early stage and stable at late stage. The peak of expected life appeared at the 4th age class, indicating the relative good survival quality at this phase, and the survival curve belonged to the typical form of Deevey-III. There existed three death peak phases in the population life process, i.e., the growth stages from 2nd to 3rd age class, from 10th to 11th age class, and from 12th to 13th age class. With the increase of age class, the population survivability dropped down monotonously, and ow nosy, a the accumulative mortality rose up correspondently. The variation extent was high in early phase and low in anaphase. The death density function curve displayed the characteristics of descent in early phase and stabilization in anaphase, and the concave point occurred at 4th age class. Spectral analysis showed that the quantitative fluctuation of A. spinulosa population was multi-harmonic superposition with large cycles containing small cycles. The influences of these cycles dropped with the diminishment of cycle length, and the effect of fundamental wave was most prominent.

[Study on Disease Level Classification of Rice Panicle Blast Based on Visible and Near Infrared Spectroscopy]

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu. Dec, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 20210154

Visible and near infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy was used to fast and non-destructively classify the disease levels of rice panicle blast. Reflectance spectra between 325 and 1 075 nm were measured. Kennard-Stone algorithm was operated to separate samples into calibration and prediction sets. Different spectral pretreatment methods, including standard normal variate (SNV) and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), were used for the spectral pretreatment before further spectral analysis. A hybrid wavelength variable selection method which is combined with uninformative variable elimination (UVE) and successive projections algorithm (SPA) was operated to select effective wavelength variables from original spectra, SNV pretreated spectra and MSC pretreated spectra, respectively. UVE was firstly operated to remove uninformative wavelength variables from the full-spectrum. Then SPA selected the effective wavelength variables with less colinearity after UVE. Least square-support vector machine (LS-SVM) was used as the calibration method for the spectral analysis in this study. The selected effective wavelengths were set as input variables of LS-SVM model. The LS-SVM model established based on SNV-UVE-SPA obtained the best results. Only six effective wavelengths (459, 546, 569, 590, 775 and 981 nm) were selected from the full-spectrum which has 600 wavelength variables by UVE-SPA, and their LS-SVM model's performance was further improved. For SNV-UVE-SPA-LS-SVM model, coefficient of determination for prediction set (R2(p)), root mean square error for prediction (RMSEP) and residual predictive deviation (RPD) were 0.979, 0.507 and 6.580, respectively. The overall results indicate that Vis-NIR spectroscopy is a feasible way to classify disease levels of rice panicle blast fast and non-destructively. UVE-SPA is an efficient variable selection method for the spectral analysis, and their selected effective wavelengths can represent the useful information of the full-spectrum and have higher signal/noise ratio and less colinearity.

[Identification and Classification of Rice Leaf Blast Based on Multi-spectral Imaging Sensor]

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu. Oct, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 20038048

Site-specific variable pesticide application is one of the major precision crop production management operations. Rice blast is a severe threat for rice production. Traditional chemistry methods can do the accurate crop disease identification, however they are time-consuming, require being executed by professionals and are of high cost. Crop disease identification and classification by human sight need special crop protection knowledge, and is low efficient. To obtain fast, reliable, accurate rice blast disease information is essential for achieving effective site-specific pesticide applications and crop management. The present paper describes a multi-spectral leaf blast identification and classification image sensor, which uses three channels of crop leaf and canopy images. The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate an algorithm under simplified lighting conditions for identifying damaged rice plants by the leaf blast using digital color images. Based on the results obtained from this study, the seed blast identification accuracy can be achieved at 95%, and the leaf blast identification accuracy can be achieved at 90% during the rice growing season. Thus it can be concluded that multi-spectral camera can provide sufficient information to perform reasonable rice leaf blast estimation.

[Genotype Distribution of Enterovirus A Species Isolated in Shandong Province, China]

Bing Du Xue Bao = Chinese Journal of Virology / [bian Ji, Bing Du Xue Bao Bian Ji Wei Yuan Hui]. Nov, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 20077929

In order to study the genotypes and molecular evolution of human enterovirus (HEV) A species in Shandong Province, Stool samples were collected from AFP and HFMD patients in Shandong Province and virus isolation was performed. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reactions (RT-PCR) specific for EV71 and CVA16 were performed with the virus isolates from HFMD patients. Positive isolates were selected for entire VP1 coding gene amplification and sequencing. Isolates with negative PCR results and isolates from AFP patients were selected for entire VP1 coding gene amplification and sequencing using primers specific for HEV A species. Phylogenetic tree was constructed among these VP1 nucleotide sequences and of other strains. Altogether 293 strains classified into 8 genotypes were isolated. The homologous comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed Shandong strains were distinct with prototype strains in every genotype. This report presents an overview of HEV-A in Shandong Province.

High-dose Fenretinide in Oral Leukoplakia

Cancer Prevention Research (Philadelphia, Pa.). Jan, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19139014

We previously showed that low-dose fenretinide (200 mg/d) had limited activity in retinoid-resistant oral leukoplakia (34% response rate) possibly because serum drug levels were insufficient to induce retinoid receptor-independent apoptosis. Therefore, we designed the single-arm phase II trial reported here to investigate whether higher-dose fenretinide would improve leukoplakia response over that of our previous study. Leukoplakia patients received fenretinide (900 mg/m(2) twice daily) in four 3-week cycles (1 week on drug followed by 2 weeks off). At week 12, clinical responses were determined and blood samples were collected for serum drug level assessments. A planned interim futility analysis led to early trial closure after the initial 15 (of 25 planned) patients because only 3 (20%) had a partial response (stopping rule:

Elevated Epithelial Insulin-like Growth Factor Expression is a Risk Factor for Lung Cancer Development

Cancer Research. Sep, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19738076

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I receptor (IGF-IR) signaling has been implicated in several human neoplasms. However, the role of serum levels of IGFs in lung cancer risk is controversial. We assessed the role of tissue-derived IGFs in lung carcinogenesis. We found that IGF-I and IGF-II levels in bronchial tissue specimens containing high-grade dysplasia were significantly higher than in those containing normal epithelium, hyperplasia, and squamous metaplasia. Derivatives of human bronchial epithelial cell lines with activation mutation in KRAS(V12) or loss of p53 overexpressed IGF-I and IGF-II. The transformed characteristics of these cells were significantly suppressed by inactivation of IGF-IR or inhibition of IGF-I or IGF-II expression but enhanced by overexpression of IGF-IR or exposure to the tobacco carcinogens (TC) 4-(methylnitrosamino)-I-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and benzo(a)pyrene. We further determined the role of IGF-IR signaling in lung tumorigenesis by determining the antitumor activities of the selective IGF-IR tyrosine kinase inhibitor cis-3-[3-(4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl)-cyclobutyl]-1-(2-phenyl-quinolin-7-yl)-imidazo [1,5-a]pyrazin-8-ylamine using an in vitro progressive cell system and an in vivo mouse model with a lung-specific IGF-I transgene after exposure to TCs, including 4-(methylnitrosamino)-I-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone plus benzo(a)pyrene. Our results show that airway epithelial cells produce IGFs in an autocrine or paracrine manner, and these IGFs act jointly with TCs to enhance lung carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the use of selective IGF-IR inhibitors may be a rational approach to controlling lung cancer.

Risk of Intracranial Hemorrhage and Cerebrovascular Accidents in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Brain Metastasis Patients

Journal of Thoracic Oncology : Official Publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. Mar, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19190519

Brain metastases confer significant morbidity and a poorer survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted antiangiogenic therapies (AAT) have demonstrated benefit for patients with metastatic NSCLC and are expected to directly inhibit the pathophysiology and morbidity of brain metastases, yet patients with brain metastases have been excluded from most clinical trials of AAT for fear of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). The underlying risk of ICH from NSCLC brain metastases is low, but needs to be quantitated to plan clinical trials of AAT for NSCLC brain metastases.

Characterization and Fouling Properties of Exopolysaccharide Produced by Klebsiella Oxytoca

Bioresource Technology. Jul, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19297149

Klebsiella oxytoca produced a type of exopolysaccharide (EPS) with the average molecular weight (Mw) of 116,018 Da and the average size of 260 nm. The EPS monosaccharide components contained rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose and the molar ratio among them was 0.033:0.0411:0.0147:0.0051:0.2393:0.0986:0.1304. Typical EPS absorption peaks in FT-IR spectrum and pseudoplastic properties were also revealed. The polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) membrane showed a relatively larger flux decline resulted from the EPS fouling. The EPS filtration was dominated by more than one mechanism at the beginning phase and mainly by the cake formation at the later phase for both membranes. The pore blocking resistance had a predominant contribution to the filtration resistance and the cake resistance played a secondary role for both the membranes. The EPS adsorption resulted in a weak membrane fouling. The PVDF membrane exhibited a larger adsorption resistance than the polypropylene (PP) membrane.

Structural Basis for the Tumor Cell Apoptosis-inducing Activity of an Antitumor Lectin from the Edible Mushroom Agrocybe Aegerita

Journal of Molecular Biology. Apr, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19361423

Lectin AAL (Agrocybe aegerita lectin) from the edible mushroom A. aegerita is an antitumor protein that exerts its tumor-suppressing function via apoptosis-inducing activity in cancer cells. The crystal structures of ligand-free AAL and its complex with lactose have been determined. The AAL structure shows a dimeric organization, and each protomer adopts a prototype galectin fold. To identify the structural determinants for antitumor effects arising from the apoptosis-inducing activity of AAL, 11 mutants were prepared and subjected to comprehensive investigations covering oligomerization detection, carbohydrate binding test, apoptosis-inducing activity assay, and X-ray crystallographic analysis. The results show that dimerization of AAL is a prerequisite for its tumor cell apoptosis-inducing activity, and both galactose and glucose are basic moieties of functional carbohydrate ligands for lectin bioactivity. Furthermore, we have identified a hydrophobic pocket that is essential for the protein's apoptosis-inducing activity but independent of its carbohydrate binding and dimer formation. This hydrophobic pocket comprises a hydrophobic cluster including residues Leu33, Leu35, Phe93, and Ile144, and is involved in AAL's function mechanism as an integrated structural motif. Single mutants such as F93G or I144G do not disrupt carbohydrate binding and homodimerization capabilities, but abolish the bioactivity of the protein. These findings reveal the structural basis for the antitumor property of AAL, which may lead to de novo designs of antitumor drugs based on AAL as a prototype model.

Folate, Vitamin B12, Homocysteine, and Depressive Symptoms in a Population Sample of Older Chinese Adults

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. May, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19484842

To investigate the independent associations between folate, B12, and homocysteine levels and depressive symptoms in older adults.

Controlling Hepatitis C with Immunotherapy

The Lancet Infectious Diseases. Nov, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19850221

[Study on Antiangiogenesis Effect of Vaccaria Segetalis]

Zhong Yao Cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials. Aug, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19960951

To study the inhibiting effect of Vaccaria segetalis extracts on neovascularization.

Notch Signaling Regulates the FOXP3 Promoter Through RBP-J- and Hes1-dependent Mechanisms

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. Jan, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 18777163

Evidence has shown that Notch signaling modulates CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T-cells (Tregs). As transcription factor Foxp3 acts as a master molecule governing the development and function of Tregs, we investigated whether Notch signaling might directly regulate Foxp3 expression. Here, we provide evidence that Notch signaling can modulate the FOXP3 promoter through RBP-J- and Hes1-dependent mechanisms. A conserved RBP-J-binding site and N-box sites were identified within the FOXP3 promoter. We show that the Notch intracellular domain (NIC), the active form of Notch receptors, activates a reporter driven by the FOXP3 promoter. Dissection of the FOXP3 promoter revealed bipartite effects of the RBP-J-binding site and the N-boxes: the RBP-J-binding site positively, while the N-boxes negatively regulated the FOXP3 promoter activity. Moreover, in freshly isolated Tregs, NIC-RBP-J complex is bound to the FOXP3 promoter in Tregs. Our results suggest that Notch signaling might be involved in the development and function of Tregs through regulating Foxp3 expression.

Expression of Interleukin-18, IL-18BP, and IL-18R in Serum, Synovial Fluid, and Synovial Tissue in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Sep, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19225717

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immunological disease, the invasive monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes present in synovial cells and synovial tissue produce many cytokines and inflammatory mediators by paracrine signaling and plays a role in the pathological progress in RA patients. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a representative proinflammatory factor and displays multiple biological functions. This study was designed to investigate the expression of IL-18 and its receptor (IL-18R) and IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) in serum, synovial fluid, and synovial tissue of patients with RA, and to identify the pathological role of IL-18 in RA. Serum, synovial fluid, and synovial tissue were obtained from RA patients. Samples from patients with osteoarthritis and healthy people were obtained as controls. Levels of IL-18, IL-18BP, and PGE2 in serum and synovial fluid were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The biological activity of IL-18 in serum and synovial fluid was detected on the basis of IFN-gamma secretion from IL-18-responding human myelomonocytic KG-1 cells. NO in serum and synovial fluid was detected by Griess reaction. Expression of IL-18, IL-18BP, IL-18R, iNOS, and COX-2 mRNA and protein in synovial tissues was determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. This study shows the expression levels of IL-18, IL-18R, iNOS, COX-2, and the biological activity of IL-18 in both serum and synovial fluid and tissue of patients with RA were significantly increased compared with the corresponding samples from the two control groups. In addition, expression of IL-18BP in patients with RA was decreased compared with samples from the two control groups. In conclusion, the overexpression of IL-18 and IL-18R may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA.

Synthesis of New Chiral 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles Possessing Gamma-butenolide Moiety and Preliminary Evaluation of in Vitro Anticancer Activity

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Aug, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19371980

A new series of chiral 1,3,4-thiadiazoles derivatives possessing gamma-substituted butenolide moiety were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro anticancer properties. All the compounds showed good anticancer activities against Hela cell lines. Of all the studied compounds, compound 9e exhibited the best inhibitory activity with an IC(50) of 0.9 microM. After being treated with 0.1 microg/mL compound 9e for 24h, the growth inhibition rate of Hela cell lines was 59.2%.

Tetrazolium Violet Induces Apoptosis Via Caspases-8, -9 Activation and Fas/FasL Up-regulation in Rat C6 Glioma Cells

Archives of Pharmacal Research. Apr, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19407976

Tetrazolium violet (TV), a tetrazolium salt, was synthesized as a novel and potent anticancer agent with a broad spectrum of anticancer activity against many cancer cells. A previous study showed that tetrazolium violet inhibited cell growth, and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in C6 Rat glioma cells. It also showed that treatment of cells with TV for 24 h resulted in a dramatic up-regulation of p53, and an increase in the activity of caspase-3, accompanied with a significant increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. In this study, we further investigated which Fas/FasL and caspase were activated by TV during the apoptosis. Annexin-V-propidium iodide (PI) binding assay and nucleosome ELISA assay further indicated that TV induced a typical apoptosis, in a time-dose-dependent manner. The data showed that the activity of Fas/FasL and caspase-8 and -9 were significantly enhanced by the compound, which suggested that TV might be used as a Fas/FasL and caspases promoter to initiate brain cancer cell apoptosis.

Anti-angiogenic Activity of Julibroside J8, a Natural Product Isolated from Albizia Julibrissin

Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology. Aug, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19423313

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-angiogenic properties of julibroside J(8), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Albizia julibrissin.

A Phase II Study of Lonafarnib (SCH66336) in Patients with Chemorefractory, Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

American Journal of Clinical Oncology. Jun, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19433965

Treatment options for recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) following platinum-based therapy are limited. Lonafarnib is a potent, specific inhibitor of farnesyl transferase that demonstrated marked antitumor activity as monotherapy in treatment-naive SCCHN in a phase Ib study. A phase II study of lonafarnib was conducted to determine its efficacy and safety in patients with recurrent, platinum-refractory SCCHN.

Treatment of Symptomatic Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis with Balloon-mounted Stents: Long-term Follow-up at a Single Center

Neurosurgery. Jan, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19050657

Primary stenting is a well-established treatment for coronary artery disease and has been applied to symptomatic intracranial stenosis in selected patients. This study reports a large case series of middle cerebral artery revascularization using balloon-mounted coronary stents.

Randomized Trial of 13-cis Retinoic Acid Compared with Retinyl Palmitate with or Without Beta-carotene in Oral Premalignancy

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Feb, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19075276

To investigate whether retinyl palmitate (RP) alone or plus beta-carotene (BC) would be as effective and less toxic than low-dose 13-cis retinoic acid (13cRA) in treating oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) and reducing the risk of oral cancer.

Survival of Patients in a Phase 1 Clinic: the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Experience

Cancer. Mar, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19165805

Patients with advanced malignancies for whom standard therapy is ineffective may participate in phase 1 trials. To gain a better understanding of the clinical features that could influence benefit versus risk, the authors of this report assessed prognostic factors and survival for patients who were referred to a phase 1 clinic focused primarily on targeted agents.

[Auditory Evoked Potential and Personality Traits in Chronic Primary Insomniacs]

Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical Sciences. May, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19504639

To investigate the personality traits and intensity dependence of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in chronic primary insomnia.

Importance of Nuclear Localization for the Apoptosis-induced Activity of a Fungal Galectin AAL (Agrocybe Aegerita Lectin)

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. Aug, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19527691

Agrocybe aegerita lectin (AAL) was identified previously in our group as a novel galectin from medicinal fungi Agrocybe aegerita, and has been shown to effectively induce cancer cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro and tumor regression in vivo. Here, AAL was observed to translocate into the HeLa cell nucleus and induce cell apoptosis when it was predominantly in the nucleus. The N-terminus and C-terminus of AAL were required for nuclear localization. Site mutated proteins were generated based on AAL structure. Dimer interface mutant I25G, carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) mutant R63H, and loop region mutant L33A could not enter the nucleus and lost the ability to induce apoptosis. CRD mutant H59Q and loop region mutant I144G maintained nuclear localization activity, and H59Q retained residual bioability but I144G had no activity, indicating that nuclear localization is important but not sufficient for AAL to become apoptotically active. Our findings provide a novel antitumor mechanism of fungal galectin.

Identification of Binding Peptides of the ADAM15 Disintegrin Domain Using Phage Display

Journal of Biosciences. Jun, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19550037

ADAM15 plays an important role in tumour development by interacting with integrins. In this study, we investigated the target peptides of the ADAM15 disintegrin domain. First, we successfully produced the recombinant human ADAM15 disintegrin domain (RADD) that could inhibit melanoma cell adhesion by using Escherichia coli. Second, four specific binding peptides (peptides A, B, C, and D) were selected using a phage display 12-mer peptide library. The screening protocol involved 4 rounds of positive panning on RADD and 2 rounds of subtractive selection with streptavidin. By using the BLAST software and a relevant protein database, integrin alpha v beta 3 was found to be homologous to peptide A. Synthetic peptide A had a highly inhibitory effect on RADD-integrin alpha v beta 3 binding. The results demonstrate the potential application of short peptides for disrupting high-affinity ADAM-integrin interactions.

A Novel Biodegradable and Thermosensitive Polymer with PEG-analogue Macromolecular Structure

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England). Aug, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19597609

A non-toxic PEG-analogue designed with polyester backbone and oligo(ethylene glycol) pendant chains combines well-defined reversible thermosensitivity with controlled bio-degradation and anti-immunogeneity properties.

Transcription Factor RBP-J-mediated Signaling Represses the Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells into Intermediate Neural Progenitors

Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences. Apr, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19168137

Notch signaling is critical for multiple aspects of neurogenesis, but how it regulates the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and intermediate neural progenitors (INPs) has not been well elucidated, especially in vivo. In this study, we conditionally ablated the transcription factor RBP-J, which mediates signaling from all four mammalian Notch receptors, in the basal forebrain and ventral midbrain using the RBP-J-floxed mouse and a newly established Nestin-Cre mouse. We found that at early stage of neurogenesis (E11.5), the frequency of neurospheres increased significantly in the RBP-J-inactivated regions. The majority of the RBP-J deficient neurospheres were composed of INPs, suggesting the precocious differentiation of NSCs into INPs. Meanwhile, neuronal differentiation was reduced in the same regions at E11.5, inconsistent with the precocious differentiation phenotype in most Notch-related mutants. At late neurogenic stages (E17.5 and neonatal), as expected from precociously exhausted NSC pool, neurosphere frequency and NSCs decreased in the RBP-J-ablated regions, accompanied by a significant increase of both neurons and glial cells. These results indicated that the RBP-J-mediated signaling might inhibit the differentiation of NSCs into INPs and support the generation of certain early born neurons at early neurogenic stages.

Alpha-synuclein Knockdown Attenuates MPP+ Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction of SH-SY5Y Cells

Brain Research. Oct, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19646423

Alpha-synuclein is one of the main constituents of Lewy bodies and plays an important role in the pathology of Parkinson's disease. Mutation or overexpression of alpha-synuclein causes Parkinson's disease, and downregulation of alpha-synuclein resists MPP(+)-induced cell death, but the mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we attempted to explore the effect of alpha-synuclein knockdown on mitochondrial function in MPP(+)-treated SH-SY5Y cells. We reconstructed the short hairpin RNA expression vector, pGenesil-2, specially targeting alpha-synuclein mRNA, and it was stably transfected into SH-SY5Y cells. Cell viability, nuclear morphology, and mitochondrial membrane potential were then detected, and the expression of alpha-synuclein, cytochrome c, Bcl-2 and Bax were analyzed by Western blotting. The results showed that after exposure to 500 microM MPP(+) for 24 h, about 41.0+/-1.5% control cells showed low mitochondrial membrane potential. However, the percentage was 13.6+/-1.2% in MPP(+) treated alpha-synuclein knockdown cells. MPP(+) induced cytochrome c release significantly, which was about 3.1-fold compared with that of control. However, in alpha-synuclein knockdown cells, the release of cytochrome c was blocked, which was about 1.4-fold compared with that of control. The Bcl-2/Bax ratio of SH-SY5Y cells reduced to 35.5+/-3.8% after MPP(+) treatment, and this ratio was 85.2+/-3.0% in MPP(+) treated alpha-synuclein knockdown cells. These data suggest that knockdown of alpha- synuclein might be an effective means in rescuing MPP(+)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction of SH-SY5Y cells.

Vitamin B-12, Apolipoprotein E Genotype, and Cognitive Performance in Community-living Older Adults: Evidence of a Gene-micronutrient Interaction

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Apr, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19244370

The relation between vitamin B-12 and cognitive function in older adults is unclear. Limited evidence suggests that the relation is modulated by apolipoprotein E epsilon4. Hence, it is important to further examine this gene-nutrient interaction.

[Association Between Serum NT-proBNP/hs-CRP and Acute Rejection After Heart Transplantation]

Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi. Feb, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19719993

The aim of the present work was to investigate the potential relationship between acute rejection and serum concentrations of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)/high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) in post-transplant patients.

Low Concentration of Anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene Induces Alterations of Extracellular Protein Profile of Exposed Epithelial Cells

Proteomics. Sep, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19722193

7,8-Dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE) exposure induces adduct formation and oxidative damage on DNA, and consequently triggers complicated stress responses, including such responses as signaling pathway activation, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, translesion DNA synthesis and mutagenesis. In the present study, 2-DE and MALDI-TOF MS were employed to analyze the differential extracellular protein patterns of human amniotic epithelial cells (FL cells) after exposure to 5 nM BPDE and control. As a result, one protein spot that appeared in the culture medium of BPDE treatment group was successfully identified as 14-3-3zeta, and three up-regulated protein spots were identified as annexin A3, annexin V and hydroxypyruvate isomerase homolog. Among them, 14-3-3zeta was further detected in some pleural fluid specimens also. These results demonstrate that BPDE exposure can induce alterations of extracellular protein profiles of exposed cells, which may be served as a starting point for searching candidate biomarkers for benzo[a]pyrene exposure.

HER Family Receptor Abnormalities in Lung Cancer Brain Metastases and Corresponding Primary Tumors

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. Aug, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19622585

To compare the characteristics of deregulation of HER receptors and their ligands between primary tumor and corresponding brain metastases of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).

Oligosaccharide Binding in Escherichia Coli Glycogen Synthase

Biochemistry. Oct, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19761218

Glycogen/starch synthase elongates glucan chains and is the key enzyme in the synthesis of glycogen in bacteria and starch in plants. Cocrystallization of Escherichia coli wild-type glycogen synthase (GS) with substrate ADPGlc and the glucan acceptor mimic HEPPSO produced a closed form of GS and suggests that domain-domain closure accompanies glycogen synthesis. Cocrystallization of the inactive GS mutant E377A with substrate ADPGlc and oligosaccharide results in the first oligosaccharide-bound glycogen synthase structure. Four bound oligosaccharides are observed, one in the interdomain cleft (G6a) and three on the N-terminal domain surface (G6b, G6c, and G6d). Extending from the center of the enzyme to the interdomain cleft opening, G6a mostly interacts with the highly conserved N-terminal domain residues lining the cleft of GS. The surface-bound oligosaccharides G6c and G6d have less interaction with enzyme and exhibit a more curled, helixlike structural arrangement. The observation that oligosaccharides bind only to the N-terminal domain of GS suggests that glycogen in vivo probably binds to only one side of the enzyme to ensure unencumbered interdomain movement, which is required for efficient, continuous glucan-chain synthesis.

DeltaNp63 Overexpression, Alone and in Combination with Other Biomarkers, Predicts the Development of Oral Cancer in Patients with Leukoplakia

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. Oct, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19773378

The risk of malignant transformation of oral preneoplastic lesion (OPL) is difficult to assess. DeltaNp63 is an early oncoprotein associated with mucosal tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study was to assess DeltaNp63 expression in OPL and its role as a marker of oral cancer risk.

Albumin, Apolipoprotein E-epsilon4 and Cognitive Decline in Community-dwelling Chinese Older Adults

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Jan, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19054180

To examine the association between serum albumin and cognitive impairment and decline in community-living older adults.

Association of Polymorphisms at Restriction Enzyme Recognition Sites of Apolipoprotein B and E Gene with Dyslipidemia in Children Undergoing Primary Nephrotic Syndrome

Molecular Biology Reports. May, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 18512131

Dyslipidemia, a common complication, is very prevalent in children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS). Recent studies have shown that genetic basis may be involved in the onset of HLP secondary to PNS. ApoB and E have been identified as the important candidate genes for lipid abnormalities.

[Investigation on Varicella Incidence of the Children < or =14 Years Old in Shandong Province in 2007]

Zhongguo Yi Miao He Mian Yi. Jun, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20726263

To investigate the variceilla incidence of children age < or =14 years old in Shandong province in 2007.

[Effect of NAD+ Against Radiation Injury and Its Dose-effect Relationship]

Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao = Journal of Southern Medical University. Aug, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20813665

To explore the effect of NAD+ against radiation injury and its dose-effect relationship.

Expression of Interleukin-1 Receptor-associated Kinase-1 in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma and Preneoplastic Lesions

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. Jan, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20028769

To identify the pattern of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK-1) protein expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and corresponding preneoplastic lesions.

Expression, Purification and Characterization of the Extracellular Domain of Human Flt3 Ligand in Escherichia Coli

Molecular Biology Reports. Jun, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 19693697

Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3 ligand, FL) is a cytokine that affects the growth, survival and/or differentiation of hematopoietic cells through the activation of specific tyrosine kinase receptors, and is potentially useful for in vitro HSC amplification. To express the extracellular domain of human Flt3 ligand (hFL(ext)) in Escherichia coli, we cloned hFL(ext) and constructed the recombinant expression vector pET32a-hFL(ext). hFL(ext) was successfully expressed in E. coli as a Trx fusion protein (Trx-hFL(ext)) under IPTG (isopropyl-beta-D: -thiogalactopyranoside) induction for 12 h at 30 degrees C. The Trx-hFL(ext) protein, expressed in inclusion bodies even at a low induction temperature, was successfully refolded and purified using dialysis and affinity chromatography. The purified hFL(ext) was biologically active and could effectively stimulate the proliferation of mouse bone marrow nucleated cells revealed by cell proliferation assay and colony forming assay. In addition, in synergize with G-CSF and TPO, recombinant purified hFL(ext) could stimulate ex vivo expansion of murine Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-Kit(+) cells. Therefore, using the E. coli expression system and an affinity chromatography system, we successfully expressed, refolded, and purified a biologically active Trx-hFL(ext) protein which might be potentially useful for in vitro HSC amplification.

[Effect of Long-term Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Abnormal Immune Activation and Immune Reconstruction in HIV-1 Infected Individuals]

Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical Sciences. Nov, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 21166056

To investigate the effect of long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the abnormal activation state and immune reconstitution in HIV-1 infected individuals.

Genetic Variation of Apolipoprotein E Does Not Contribute to the Lipid Abnormalities Secondary to Childhood Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome

International Urology and Nephrology. Jun, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 19241136

Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is a common progressive renal disorder occurring in childhood that is characterized by alterations of permselectivity at the glomerular capillary wall, resulting in its inability to restrict the urinary loss of protein. Hyperlipidemia (HLP) is not only an important clinical manifestation of MCNS but is also involved in cardiovascular disease and in progressive renal damage. ApoE is a polymorphic protein. Besides modulation of lipid metabolism, apoE can also elevate the sulfate-proteoglycan in glomerular filtration membrane and inhibit the proliferation of mesengial cells. The present study aimed mainly to determine whether genetic polymorphism of apoE is involved in the HLP secondary to childhood MCNS. Genomic DNA was extracted from 250 children diagnosed with MCNS and 200 healthy controls. ApoE genotype was determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The fasting serum lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), and apoB were measured. Serum concentrations of Lp(a), TC, TG, HDL-C, nonHDL-C, LDL-C, and apoB were higher in the MCNS than in the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences in genotypes and alleles frequencies were observed for the apoE Hha I restriction sites in MCNS patients as compared to controls (P > 0.05). No significant differences in serum lipid levels were observed for variant genotypes and alleles of apoE Hha I restriction site in both MCNS and healthy children (P > 0.05). Genetic variation of apoE does not contribute to the lipid abnormalities secondary to childhood MCNS.

[Analysis on Molecular Epidemiology of Rubella Virus in Shandong Province During 2000-2007]

Bing Du Xue Bao = Chinese Journal of Virology / [bian Ji, Bing Du Xue Bao Bian Ji Wei Yuan Hui]. Nov, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 21344752

Analyze the genetic characteristics of sixteen strains of wild-type rubella viruses derived from Vero cells, Rk13 cells or Vero/slam cells, and isolated from throat samples in Shandong province during 2000-2007. The 1107 nucleotide sequence of nucleoprotein (E1) gene of these isolates were amplified by RT-PCR, and the PCR products were directly sequenced. Comparing with the gene tree that was constructed based on the 739 gene sequences of the WHO reference strains, twelve isolated strains belonged to 1E genotype, one strain belonged to 1F genotype, three strains belonged to 2A genotype. The first strain belonged to 1E genotype was isolated in Shandong province in 2001, then genotype 1E became dominant genotype of wild rubella viruses circulated. The 1E genotype circulated from 2006-2007 was different compared with that circulated from 2001 to 2002, but no significant deviation in temporal and geographic distribution was found. The strain belonged to Genotype 1F was only isolated during 2000 to 2001. The three strains of 2A genotype of rubella viruses were similar to rubella viruses vaccine strain (BRDII). The most nucleotide mutation of rubella viruses among the sixteen strains were nonsense mutation, and the amino acid sequences were highly conservative with no change in important antigen sites. Alike the previous reports, there was the same amino acid mutation in protein E1 at the site of 338 in all of the 1E genotype rubella viruses isolated during 2001- 2007 in Shandong (Leu338 --> Phe338).

[Present Status of Genome-wide Association Studies and Its Applications in Ophthalmology]

[Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi] Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology. Dec, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 21211230

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) assay a dense set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in whole genome and relate them to various diseases and measurable traits. The completion of Human Genome Project and Human Haplotype Map Project has made this approach possible. Genome-wide association studies have identified a large number of robust associations between genetic variants and common diseases. Now, application of GWAS in eye diseases are actively being pursued and these studies provide an effective methodology for studying the genetic aspects of ophthalmic complex diseases. In this paper, we describe the current understanding of concept, background, development, advantages and disadvantages of GWAS, as well as applications of GWAS in the field of ophthalmology.

[Determination of 153 Pesticide Residues in Tea Using On-line Gel Permeation Chromatography-gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry]

Se Pu = Chinese Journal of Chromatography / Zhongguo Hua Xue Hui. Sep, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 21171279

A method was developed for the determination of 153 pesticide residues in tea using on-line gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GPC-GC/ MS). The pesticide residues were extracted with acetonitrile under ultrasonic operation, and the extract was first cleaned up with an ENVI-carb solid phase extraction column and then separated and detected with the on-line GPC-GC/MS system. The recoveries of the method ranged from 73.32% to 117.05% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) from 0.76% to 13.18%. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification were 0.0003-0.006 mg/kg and 0.001-0.02 mg/kg, respectively. This method is simple, rapid and characterized with acceptable sensitivity and accuracy to meet the requirements for the analysis of multiple pesticide residues in tea.

[Genotype Distribution of Enterovirus Group B Isolated in Shandong Province, China]

Bing Du Xue Bao = Chinese Journal of Virology / [bian Ji, Bing Du Xue Bao Bian Ji Wei Yuan Hui]. Sep, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 21043134

In order to explore the genotype distribution of human enterovirus group B (HEV-B) in Shandong Province and to study the correlation between HEV-B serotypes and disease outbreaks, we sequenced and analyzed the entire VP1 coding region of HEV-B isolated from acute flaccid parolysis (AFP) system and disease outbreaks in Shandong province during 1998-2008. All together twenty nine HEV-B serotypes were identified, including twenty Echovirus (ECHO) serotypes, five Coxsackievirus B (CVB1-5) serotypes, one Coxsackievirus A9(CVA9) serotype, and newer enteroviruses EV73, EV75, and EV97. E11, CVB3, E6, E14 and E25 were the five frequently isolated serotypes from AFP surveillance system. CVB3, CVB5 and ECHO30 were the major causative agent of aseptic meningitis in Shandong province. Comparison of nucleotide sequence homology showed 75.4%-99.6% inter-typic identities within Shandong strains, and 73.8%-85.2% identities with prototype strains. Amino acid sequence comparison showed the differentiation was not much. Our research showed different serotypes possessed distinct time-cycling pattern, and different sub-genotypes could be further classified according to the inter-typic genetic distance. Thereby the route and range of transmission of HEV could be determined.

[Genotype Distribution of Enterovirus Group C in Shandong Province, China]

Bing Du Xue Bao = Chinese Journal of Virology / [bian Ji, Bing Du Xue Bao Bian Ji Wei Yuan Hui]. Sep, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 21043135

Human Enterovirus C group (HEV-C) includes 17 serotypes, which can not be serotype-identified by neutralization test using antiserum pool for NPEV. In order to elucidate the genotypes and molecular evolution of HEV-C in Shandong Province, We selected the strains isolated from AFP cases between 1994-2009 to perform reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) by the primers specific for entire VP1 coding gene of HEV-C and sequencing. The phylogenetic tree was then constructed among these VP1 nucleotide sequences and other prototype strains. Totally 12 Shandong local strains were obtained and separated into 4 genotypes, CVA20, CVA21,CVA24 and EV 96. The homologous comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed Shandong strains were distinct from prototype strains in each genotype. This report showed that different genotype HEV-C strains spread widely in Shandong Province.

Predictors of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Acute Ischemic Stroke with Endovascular Therapy

Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation. Dec, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 21051673

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a potential hemorrhagic complication after endovascular intracranial recanalization. The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency and predictors of SAH in acute ischemic stroke patients treated endovascularly and its impact on clinical outcome.

Construction of a Recombinant Adenovirus Vector Expressing IL-18BP/IL-4 Fusion Gene and the Anti-inflammatory Effect Induced by This Gene on Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Synovial Fibroblasts

Inflammation Research : Official Journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et Al.]. Feb, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20087753

To construct a recombinant adenovirus vector for expressing the IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP)/IL-4 fusion gene and confirm the anti-inflammatory effect of this gene.

Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Breast Cancer in a Phase I Clinic: the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Experience

Clinical Breast Cancer. Feb, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20133258

Patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) refractory to standard therapy have a poor prognosis. We assessed prognostic factors and clinical outcomes for patients with MBC referred to a phase I clinic focused primarily on targeted agents.

[Cloning and Expression of N-acetyl-D-neuraminic Acid Aldolase in Escherichia Coli]

Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical Sciences. Jan, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20175237

To obtain the Escherichia coli strains expressing N-Acetyl-D-neuraminic acid aldolase (Neu5Ac aldolase).

Isolation of a Recombinant Type 3/type 2 Poliovirus with a Chimeric Capsid VP1 from Sewage in Shandong, China

Virus Research. Jun, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20206214

The genetic and phenotypic characterization of poliovirus strain P3/Jinan/1/09, isolated from sewage sample in Jinan city, Shandong province, China, was described. The strain had a Sabin type 3/type 2/type 3 recombinant genome, with the first crossover site located in capsid VP1 coding region between nucleotide positions 3293 and 3294 (numbering according to Sabin 3), and the second crossover site in 3D region between positions 6374 and 6378. The recombinant had introduced six Sabin 2-derived amino acids into the carboxyl terminus of Sabin 3 VP1 capsid protein. The complete genome of the isolate revealed eight nucleotide substitutions in Sabin 3 region with two substitutions resulting in amino acid alteration, and two missense substitutions in the Sabin 2 region. An estimation based on the evolution rate of the P1 coding region of Sabin 3 background suggested that evolution time of strain P3/Jinan/1/09 might be 76-80 days. The person who excreted the recombinant was not known and no evidence was obtained for its circulation in population via acute flaccid paralysis surveillance. The virus showed Sabin 3 serological characterization in neutralization test, and it did not lose temperature sensitivity phenotype at 40 degrees C. The significance of environmental surveillance and the presence of natural capsid recombinant poliovirus strain in the context of the global polio eradication initiative are discussed.

[Determination of Isoxanthopterin in Human Urine by Solid Phase Extraction-high Performance Anion-exchange Chromatography Coupled with Integrated Pulsed Amperometric Detection]

Se Pu = Chinese Journal of Chromatography / Zhongguo Hua Xue Hui. Apr, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20712126

A sensitive, selective and environmental friendly method for the determination of isoxanthopterin in human urine by solid phase extraction (SPE)-high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with integrated pulsed amperometric detector has been developed. The tandem solid phase extraction was employed to purify isoxanthopterin from human urine. The separation of isoxanthopterin was carried out on an IonPac AS21 anion-exchange column with eluent of 0.025 mol/L NaOH at the flow rate of 0.40 mL/min. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit for isoxanthopterin was 0.003 mg/L, and the linear range was 0.005-0.200 mg/L. The spiked recoveries ranging from 95.4% to 96.8% were obtained in the urine samples from healthy persons and cancer patients, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 5%. The present method was successfully applied to the determination of isoxanthopterin in urine from healthy individuals and cancer patients.

Elevated Plasma S100B Concentration is Associated with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Han Chinese: a Case-control Study

Neuroscience Letters. Oct, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20727940

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is a common type of intractable epilepsy characterized by astroglial gliosis. The S100B was viewed as an astrocyte marker and experimental studies indicated that S100B might be involved in the pathophysiology of temporal lobe epilepsy. In this study, we measured plasma S100B levels by ELISA in 28 patients with MTLE and 28 healthy controls and found that patients showed significantly elevated S100B levels compared with healthy controls (P=0.018). Moreover, S100B levels were significantly higher in female patients than those in male patients (P=0.027). These results suggest that S100B may be a biomarker of MTLE.

[Study on the Early Detection of Sclerotinia of Brassica Napus Based on Combinational-stimulated Bands]

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu. Jul, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20828003

The combinational-stimulated bands were used to develop linear and nonlinear calibrations for the early detection of sclerotinia of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Eighty healthy and 100 Sclerotinia leaf samples were scanned, and different preprocessing methods combined with successive projections algorithm (SPA) were applied to develop partial least squares (PLS) discriminant models, multiple linear regression (MLR) and least squares-support vector machine (LS-SVM) models. The results indicated that the optimal full-spectrum PLS model was achieved by direct orthogonal signal correction (DOSC), then De-trending and Raw spectra with correct recognition ratio of 100%, 95.7% and 95.7%, respectively. When using combinational-stimulated bands, the optimal linear models were SPA-MLR (DOSC) and SPA-PLS (DOSC) with correct recognition ratio of 100%. All SPA-LSSVM models using DOSC, De-trending and Raw spectra achieved perfect results with recognition of 100%. The overall results demonstrated that it was feasible to use combinational-stimulated bands for the early detection of Sclerotinia of oilseed rape, and DOSC-SPA was a powerful way for informative wavelength selection. This method supplied a new approach to the early detection and portable monitoring instrument of sclerotinia.

Crystal Structures of a Populus Tomentosa 4-coumarate:CoA Ligase Shed Light on Its Enzymatic Mechanisms

The Plant Cell. Sep, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20841425

4-Coumaric acid:CoA ligase (4CL) is the central enzyme of the plant-specific phenylpropanoid pathway. It catalyzes the synthesis of hydroxycinnamate-CoA thioesters, the precursors of lignin and other important phenylpropanoids, in two-step reactions involving the formation of hydroxycinnamate-AMP anhydride and then the nucleophilic substitution of AMP by CoA. In this study, we determined the crystal structures of Populus tomentosa 4CL1 in the unmodified (apo) form and in forms complexed with AMP and adenosine 5'-(3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)phosphate (APP), an intermediate analog, at 2.4, 2.5, and 1.9 Å resolution, respectively. 4CL1 consists of two globular domains connected by a flexible linker region. The larger N-domain contains a substrate binding pocket, while the C-domain contains catalytic residues. Upon binding of APP, the C-domain rotates 81° relative to the N-domain. The crystal structure of 4CL1-APP reveals its substrate binding pocket. We identified residues essential for catalytic activities (Lys-438, Gln-443, and Lys-523) and substrate binding (Tyr-236, Gly-306, Gly-331, Pro-337, and Val-338) based on their crystal structures and by means of mutagenesis and enzymatic activity studies. We also demonstrated that the size of the binding pocket is the most important factor in determining the substrate specificities of 4CL1. These findings shed light on the enzymatic mechanisms of 4CLs and provide a solid foundation for the bioengineering of these enzymes.

Phase II Study of Dasatinib in Patients with Advanced Non-small-cell Lung Cancer

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Oct, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20855820

Src family kinases (SFKs) promote cancer progression and are commonly expressed in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the clinical effects of SFK inhibition in NSCLC are unknown. We conducted a phase II trial of the SFK inhibitor dasatinib for advanced NSCLC. We tested the hypotheses that the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or SFK or modulation of serum cytokines may predict a response to dasatinib.

Weekly Alternating Therapy with Irinotecan Plus Cisplatin and Etoposide Plus Cisplatin in the Treatment of Patients with Extensive Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

Cancer. May, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20225329

Irinotecan has significant activity in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The authors' previous phase 1 study of alternating weekly therapy with irinotecan/cisplatin (IP), etoposide/cisplatin (EP), and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) support was well tolerated and active in patients with SCLC. A phase 2 trial was conducted to estimate the efficacy of this regimen in previously untreated patients with extensive SCLC.

Early Event-related Potentials Changes During Simple Mental Calculation in Chinese Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Case-control Study

Neuroscience Letters. May, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20304031

The aim was to examine early event-related potential (ERP) changes during mental arithmetic calculation task in mild cognitive impairment patients compared to healthy elderly. 16 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects and 16 healthy Chinese older adults were studied. Event-related potentials were elicited using a simple mental calculation task. Performance on arithmetic calculation task, and the latency and amplitude of early event-related potential components (N1, P1, N170, and P2) were compared between the two groups. The reaction time of MCI group was significantly longer than that of control group (1691.03+/-94.59 vs. 1539.55+/-27.76, P<0.01). The correct rate of MCI group (0.9463+/-0.04) was significantly lower than that of control group (0.9776+/-0.02, P<0.01). The latency of temporal-occipital N170 and central-prefrontal P2 of MCI group were significantly prolonged compared to controls. MCI subjects presented significantly higher P2 amplitude. Compared with healthy controls, N170 was significantly lower at left temporal-occipital region and higher at right temporal-occipital region in mild cognitive impairment. Mild cognitive impairment patients had deficit on simple calculation. The early arithmetic calculation processing mechanism of mild cognitive impairment patients may be different from normal people.

Treatment with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: the M. D. Anderson Experience

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. Jun, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20392874

Until recently, treatment options for patients with progressive, radioactive iodine-resistant differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) have been limited. In our clinical practice, we have begun to use sorafenib and sunitinib for patients with progressive DTC who are not able or willing to participate in clinical trials. In this paper, we describe the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center's experience with the off-label use of these tyrosine kinase inhibitors for DTC.

[Safety Analyses from 439 Patients Underwent Endomyocardial Biopsy Via the Right Internal Jugular Vein Approach]

Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi. Jan, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20398489

Primary indications for endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) include heart transplant rejection surveillance and identifying cardiomyopathy or myocarditis. EMB procedures have not yet gained widespread acceptance because of concerns about possible complications associated with EMB procedures. In this single-center retrospective study, we analyzed the incidence of major and minor EMB procedure-related complications of 439 EMBs during the past 4.5 years.

Ginkgo Biloba and Cognitive Decline

JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association. Apr, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20407051

Beneficial Effect of All-trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) on Glomerulosclerosis Rats Via the Down-regulation of the Expression of Alpha-smooth Muscle Actin: a Comparative Study Between ATRA and Benazepril

Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Aug, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20493835

Although ATRA is a potent renoprotective agent, relatively little is known regarding the mechanisms of its action. The present study was designed to further elucidate the mechanisms of ATRA's action to GS rats and compare that with the beneficial effect of benazepril. Male SD rats weighting 160 to 200g were used in this study. GS was induced by unilateral nephrectomy and intravenous injection of adriamycin (6mg/kg). They were divided randomly 20 ones per group into GS group, GS treated with ATRA (20mg/kg/day) group, and GS treated with benazepril (10mg/kg/day) group. The other 20 ones were taken as sham-operation group, injected normal saline into caudal vein. 12weeks later, all rats were subjected to sacrifice. As expected, the GS group exhibited significant lower serum TP and Alb, and higher BUN, Cr and proteinuria than those of the sham group. Administration of ATRA or benazepril did ameliorate these above disorders of biochemical parameters in GS rats. Extensive renal damage was observed in the GS group, such as mononuclear infiltration, mesangial proliferation, focal segment glomerular sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The pathological changes in both ATRA and benazepril group were alleviated remarkably. Semiquantitative GSI was used to evaluate the degree of GS in all groups. GSI was significantly higher in the GS group than in sham group. GSI decreased from 21.9+/-6.7 in the GS group to 6.9+/-2.8 in the ATRA group and 7.0+/-2.7 in benazepril group respectively. However, no significant difference in GSI between rats treated with ATRA and rats treated with benazepril was found. RT-PCR analysis revealed the renal expression of alpha-SMA mRNA was induced substantially in GS group as compared to sham group, which could be offset completely by ATRA or benazepril administration. However, expression level of alpha-SMA mRNA in GS rats treated with ATRA was identical to that in GS rats treated with benazepril. We also examined immunohistochemical staining for renal alpha-SMA, TGF-beta1, Col IV, and FN in this model. Weak staining was observed in some glomerulus, mesangial cells, and tubular interstitium of sham rats. Staining was markedly enhanced in the majority of glomerulus, mesangial cells, and tubular interstitium of untreated GS rats. Compared with untreated GS animals, intensity and extent of staining for renal alpha-SMA, TGF-beta1, Col IV, and FN were markedly reduced in glomerulus, mesangial cells, and tubular interstitium of GS rats treated with either ATRA or benazepril. However, no significant differences existed between ATRA and benazepril with respect to the glomerular and tubulointerstitial staining scores. Interestingly, our data documented some differences of therapeutic capacities between ATRA and benazepril. In comparison with benazepril, ATRA exerted no improvement in hypoproteinemia, but more significant decrease in serum Cr level in GS rats. The reasons leading to these variations are unclear. Whatever they are, the properties of down-regulate inflammatory/proliferative programs may make ATRA an attractive potential candidate for future therapeutic use in kidney disease.

Notch Signaling Determines the M1 Versus M2 Polarization of Macrophages in Antitumor Immune Responses

Cancer Research. Jun, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20501839

Macrophages are important tumor-infiltrating cells and play pivotal roles in tumor growth and metastasis. Macrophages participate in immune responses to tumors in a polarized manner: classic M1 macrophages produce interleukin (IL) 12 to promote tumoricidal responses, whereas M2 macrophages produce IL10 and help tumor progression. The mechanisms governing macrophage polarization are unclear. Here, we show that the M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) have a lower level of Notch pathway activation in mouse tumor models. Forced activation of Notch signaling increased M1 macrophages which produce IL12, no matter whether M1 or M2 inducers were applied. When Notch signaling was blocked, the M1 inducers induced M2 response in the expense of M1. Macrophages deficient in canonical Notch signaling showed TAM phenotypes. Forced activation of Notch signaling in macrophages enhanced their antitumor capacity. We further show that RBP-J-mediated Notch signaling regulates the M1 versus M2 polarization through SOCS3. Therefore, Notch signaling plays critical roles in the determination of M1 versus M2 polarization of macrophages, and compromised Notch pathway activation will lead to the M2-like TAMs. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of macrophage polarization and shed light on new therapies for cancers through the modulation of macrophage polarization through the Notch signaling.

Mortality in the Randomized, Controlled Lung Intergroup Trial of Isotretinoin

Cancer Prevention Research (Philadelphia, Pa.). Jun, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20501862

In 2001, we reported that mortality may have been higher with isotretinoin (30 mg/d for 3 years) than with placebo in the subgroup of current smokers among the 1,166 patients with definitively resected early-stage non-small cell lung cancer who participated in the randomized, controlled Lung Intergroup Trial. We report the overall and cause (cancer, cardiovascular disease, or other)-specific mortality associated with long-term isotretinoin after an extended median follow-up of 6.2 years that included the capture of cause-of-death data from 428 deceased patients. Overall mortality was 36.7% in each of the two trial arms, about two thirds related to cancer and one third to other or unknown causes. Overall and cancer deaths increased in current smokers in the isotretinoin arm during the treatment and the extended follow-up period. No mortality end point increased among never smokers and former smokers taking isotretinoin, and cancer deaths decreased marginally in this combined subgroup. Isotretinoin also increased deaths from cardiovascular disease in current smokers. The present analysis supports the safety of protracted isotretinoin use in the combined group of never smokers and former smokers, which has important public health implications, for example, for treating acne in young people. The increased mortality in current smokers in this study is further evidence of the multifaceted danger of active smoking. The overall indications of this study have public health implications for treating acne in young people and other uses of retinoids in smokers.

Chemoradiotherapy with or Without AE-941 in Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: a Randomized Phase III Trial

Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Jun, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20505152

BACKGROUND AE-941 is a standardized aqueous shark cartilage extract with antiangiogenic properties that has previously been evaluated in phase I and II clinical trials. Our objective was to determine the effect of adding AE-941 to chemoradiotherapy on overall survival of patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase III clinical trial was designed to test the efficacy of AE-941 in unresectable stage III NSCLC patients who were treated with chemoradiotherapy. Between June 5, 2000, and February 6, 2006, 379 eligible patients were enrolled in community and academic oncology centers across the United States and Canada. In February 2006, the trial was closed to new patient entry before meeting the target sample size because of insufficient accrual. All subjects received induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemotherapy with chest radiotherapy. Each participating center administered one of the two chemotherapy regimens, either carboplatin and paclitaxel, or cisplatin and vinorelbine. The primary endpoint was overall survival, and secondary endpoints were time to progression, progression-free survival, tumor response rate, and toxic effects. Event-time distributions were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival between the chemoradiotherapy plus AE-941 group (n = 188; median survival = 14.4 months, 95% confidence interval = 12.6 to 17.9 months) and the chemoradiotherapy plus placebo group (n = 191; median survival = 15.6 months, 95% confidence interval = 13.8 to 18.1 months) (P = .73). Time to progression, progression-free survival, and tumor response rates were not statistically significantly different between the AE-941 and the placebo groups. No differences between the two groups were observed in common grade 3 or higher toxic effects attributable to chemoradiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The addition of AE-941 to chemoradiotherapy did not improve overall survival in patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC. This study does not support the use of shark cartilage-derived products as therapy for lung cancer.

Ten-year Follow-up After Intense Chemoimmunotherapy with Rituximab-HyperCVAD Alternating with Rituximab-high Dose Methotrexate/cytarabine (R-MA) and Without Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Untreated Aggressive Mantle Cell Lymphoma

British Journal of Haematology. Jul, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20528872

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has a poor overall survival after treatment with conventional chemotherapy. Intense chemoimmunotherapy without consolidation stem cell transplantation is a potential therapeutic option. We report on a prospective Phase II study with rituximab in combination with fractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone (R-Hyper-CVAD) alternating with rituximab in combination with high-dose methotrexate-cytarabine (R-MA) in untreated patients with diffuse and nodular MCL and their blastoid variants. Ninety-seven patients were treated, of whom 97% responded and 87% achieved a complete remission. At 10 years of follow up (median 8 years), the median overall survival (OS) for all patients had not been reached and the median time to failure (TTF) for all patients was 4.6 years, without a plateau in the curves. For the group of patients aged 65 years or younger, the median OS had not been reached and the median TTF was 5.9 years. Multivariate analysis revealed pre-treatment serum levels of beta(2) microglobulin, International Prognostic Index (IPI) score and mantle cell IPI (MIPI) score, as predictive of both OS and TTF. We conclude that intense chemoimmunotherapy without stem cell transplantation is effective for untreated aggressive MCL.

Structural Insights into the Recognition Mechanism Between an Antitumor Galectin AAL and the Thomsen-Friedenreich Antigen

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Oct, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20530247

Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen, which plays an important role in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation, occurs in ∼90% of all human cancers and precancerous conditions. Although TF antigen has been known for almost 80 yr as a pancarcinoma antigen, the recognition mechanism between TF antigen and target protein has not been structurally characterized. A number of studies indicated that TF disaccharide is a potential ligand of the galactoside-binding galectins. In this work, we identified the TF antigen as a potential ligand of the antitumor galectin AAL (Agrocybe aegerita lectin) through glycan array analysis and reported the crystal structure of AAL complexed with the TF antigen. The structure provides a first look at the recognition mode between AAL and TF antigen, which is unique in a conservative (Glu-water-Arg-water) structural motif-based hydrogen bond network. Structure-based mutagenesis analysis further revealed the residues responsible for recognition specificity and binding affinity. Crystal structures of AAL complexed with two other TF-containing glycans showed that the unique TF recognition mode is kept intact, which may be commonly adopted in some cancer-related galectins. The finding provided the new target and approach for the antitumor drug design and relative strategy based on the AAL-TF recognition mode as a prototype model.

Genomic Characterization of an Enterovirus 97 Strain Isolated in Shandong, China

Virus Genes. Oct, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20532813

The genomic characterization of human enterovirus 97 (EV97) strain isolated from an acute flaccid paralysis case in Shandong province, China in 1999, is described. The strain, designated as 99188/SD/CHN/1999/EV97 (abbreviated as 99188), had a genome of 7394 nucleotides. Compared with other EV97 strains, it had 81.3-83.3% nucleotide similarity and 94.0-95.4% amino acid similarity in VP1 coding region, and it had 81.4% complete genomic similarity with prototype strain BAN99-10355. The most striking feature was the deletion of 18 nucleotides in the 3' end of VP1 coding region, combined with two deletions and one insertion in 5' and 3' untranslated regions. All these findings demonstrated the strain 99188 had a distant genetic relationship with other EV97 strains. In the phylogenetic trees generated from VP1 and 3D sequences of human enterovirus species B (HEV-B), the lineages of strain 99188 were not congruent, suggesting the event of recombination. Similarity plot analysis further provided the evidence of recombination with other strains of HEV-B in P2 and P3 coding region. This is the first finding of EV97 in China and the third genomic sequence of EV97 reported.

Cross-cultural Application of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS): Performances of Elderly Chinese Singaporeans

The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20560092

There is a paucity of normative studies outside of North America and on elderly populations with very low education level. In the present study we examined the performance of poorly educated elderly on the Repeatable Battery Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) with 352 cognitively normal elderly Chinese persons living in the community in Singapore who were enrolled in the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study (SLAS). Those with no formal education performed significantly less well than those with some years of formal education across four of five RBANS indices as well as the Total Scale score. Age- and education-adjusted normative data for the RBANS were established for the sample. The means and standard deviations of each of 12 subtests raw scores, five Index scores and the Total Scale score were calculated and stratified by age and education. Data from the present study should considerably advance the clinical utility of the RBANS in Chinese geriatric evaluations in Singapore, and can serve as a reference source for poorly educated elderly Chinese from around the region and beyond.

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression and Gene Copy Number in the Risk of Oral Cancer

Cancer Prevention Research (Philadelphia, Pa.). Jul, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20570883

Leukoplakia is the most common premalignant lesion of the oral cavity. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) abnormalities are associated with oral tumorigenesis and progression. We hypothesized that EGFR expression and gene copy number changes are predictors of the risk of an oral premalignant lesion (OPL) progressing to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded OPL biopsy specimen was collected from each of 162 patients in a randomized controlled clinical trial. We assessed EGFR expression by immunohistochemistry with two METHODS: a semiquantitative analysis (145 evaluable specimens) and an automated quantitative analysis (127 evaluable specimens). EGFR gene copy number was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in a subset of 49 OPLs with high EGFR expression defined by the semiquantitative analysis. We analyzed EGFR abnormalities for associations with OSCC development. High EGFR expression occurred in 103 (71%) of the 145 OPLs and was associated with a nonsignificantly higher risk of OSCC (P = 0.10). Twenty (41%) of 49 OPLs assessed by FISH had an increased EGFR gene copy number (FISH-positive). Patients with FISH-positive lesions had a significantly higher incidence of OSCC than did patients with FISH-negative (a normal copy number) lesions (P = 0.0007). Of note, 10 of 11 OSCCs that developed at the site of the examined OPL were in the FISH-positive group, leaving only one FISH-negative OPL that did so (P < 0.0001). Our data indicate that an increased EGFR gene copy number is common in and associated with OSCC development in patients with OPLs expressing high EGFR, particularly OSCC developing at the site of a high-expression OPL; they also suggest that EGFR inhibitors may prevent oral cancer in patients with OPLs having an increased EGFR gene copy number.

[Clinical Characteristics and Desmin Mutations in Patients with Desminopathy Associated Cardiomyopathy from 5 Chinese Families]

Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi. May, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 20654101

To investigate the clinical and myopathological characteristics and desmin mutations in patients with desminopathy associated cardiomyopathy from 5 Chinese families.

[Ropivacaine Volume for Ultrasound-guided Retrograde Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block]

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. Aug, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 21029663

The aim of this study was to determine the medium effective volume required to produce an effective retrograde infraclavicular block using an ultrasound (US)-guided technique.

The Effect of Under-treatment of Breast Cancer in Women 80 Years of Age and Older

Critical Reviews in Oncology/hematology. Sep, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 20655242

Several authors have demonstrated a trend toward the under-treatment of elderly and very elderly women with breast cancer. This study was undertaken to determine the impact of under-treatment of breast cancer in women age 80 and older.

Reconstructive Strategies for Partial Sacrectomy Defects Based on Surgical Outcomes

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Jan, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 20871487

Partial sacrectomy creates heterogeneous defects amenable to a wide variety of reconstructive techniques. Important factors to guide the choice of reconstruction technique have not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to determine what factors best guide selection of reconstructive techniques following partial sacrectomy to optimize outcomes.

Outcomes of Partial Vaginal Reconstruction with Pedicled Flaps Following Oncologic Resection

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Feb, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 20966817

Immediate flap reconstruction for partial vaginal resection is often performed with resection of colorectal, gynecologic, and urologic malignancies. Surgical and functional outcomes have not been well described. The aim of the authors' study was to identify factors associated with improved outcomes in patients undergoing immediate flap reconstruction for partial vaginal resection.

Preparation and Properties of a Coated Slow-release and Water-retention Biuret Phosphoramide Fertilizer with Superabsorbent

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Jan, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21155599

In this investigation, a novel water-insoluble slow-release fertilizer, biuret polyphosphoramide (BPAM), was formulated and synthesized from urea, phosphoric acid (H(3)PO(4)), and ferric oxide (Fe(2)O(3)). The structure of BPAM was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Subsequently, a coated slow-release BPAM fertilizer with superabsorbent was prepared by ionic cross-linked carboxymethylchitosan (the core), acrylic acid, acrylamide, and active carbon (the coating). The variable influences on the water absorbency were investigated and optimized. Component analysis results showed that the coated slow-release BPAM contained 5.66% nitrogen and 11.7% phosphorus. The property of water retention, the behavior of slow release of phosphorus, and the capacity of adsorption of cations were evaluated, and the results revealed that the product not only had good slow-release property and excellent water retention capacity but also higher adsorption capacities of cations in saline soil.

Accelerated Acute Allograft Rejection Accompanied by Enhanced T-cell Proliferation and Attenuated Treg Function in RBP-J Deficient Mice

Molecular Immunology. Feb, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21168915

Acute allograft rejection (AAR) involves both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. As a critical pathway in peripheral T-cell differentiation and function, Notch signaling is potentially involved in the modulation of AAR, but its role in alloimmune responses has not been fully addressed. By using fully MHC-mismatched allograft transplantation model and T-cell specific RBP-J deficient mice, we examined the role of Notch/RBP-J pathway in alloimmune responses in vivo. AAR was significantly accelerated in RBP-J deficient mice compared with the wild-type controls, as demonstrated by the marked reduction in graft survival. The reduction in graft survival was associated with augmented alloantigen specific T-cell proliferation and increased number of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells in the RBP-J deficient recipient mice. Furthermore, although the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs was intact in RBP-J knockout recipients, their ability to suppress Teff responses in vitro was significantly dampened. These findings suggest that Notch/RBP-J pathway may attenuate AAR by suppressing in vivo expansion of alloreactive T-cell proliferation and facilitating CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg suppression ability, indicating that Notch pathway could be exploited to limit T-cell-mediated AAR.

Clinical Risk Factors for Malignancy and Overall Survival in Patients with Pheochromocytomas and Sympathetic Paragangliomas: Primary Tumor Size and Primary Tumor Location As Prognostic Indicators

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. Mar, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21190975

Pheochromocytomas and sympathetic paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors for which no precise histological or molecular markers have been identified to differentiate benign from malignant tumors.

The Complete Genome Analysis of Two Enterovirus 96 Strains Isolated in China in 2005 and 2009

Virus Genes. Jun, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21318238

Enterovirus 96 (EV96) is a new member of species Human Enterovirus C (HEV-C). In this report, genomic characterization of two EV96 strains isolated from acute flaccid paralysis surveillance in Shandong province of China in 2005 and 2009 is described. The two strains, designated 05517 and 09228C1, had 82.7% genomic similarity with each other and 75.1-84.2% with other three strains available from GenBank in complete genome sequences. In VP1 coding region, they had 77.6-86.6% nucleotide similarity with other EV96 strains. Interestingly, deletions of 3 nucleotides in the VP3 coding region of strain 09228C1, and of 3 nucleotides in the 3A region of both Shandong strains were observed. Simplot and bootscanning analysis on HEV-C genome sequences were performed, and evidence of recombination in P3 region for Shandong EV96 strains was found. In conclusion, these strains had distant genetic relationship with each other and with other EV96 strains.

A Multidisciplinary Protocol for Planned Skin-preserving Delayed Breast Reconstruction for Patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Requiring Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy: 3-year Follow-up

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Jun, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21311392

The authors examined the safety of a protocol for planned skin-preserving delayed breast reconstruction after postmastectomy radiotherapy with placement of a tissue expander for patients with locally advanced breast cancer (stages IIB and III).

Gene Expression Profiling Predicts the Development of Oral Cancer

Cancer Prevention Research (Philadelphia, Pa.). Feb, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21292635

Patients with oral premalignant lesion (OPL) have a high risk of developing oral cancer. Although certain risk factors, such as smoking status and histology, are known, our ability to predict oral cancer risk remains poor. The study objective was to determine the value of gene expression profiling in predicting oral cancer development. Gene expression profile was measured in 86 of 162 OPL patients who were enrolled in a clinical chemoprevention trial that used the incidence of oral cancer development as a prespecified endpoint. The median follow-up time was 6.08 years and 35 of the 86 patients developed oral cancer over the course. Gene expression profiles were associated with oral cancer-free survival and used to develop multivariate predictive models for oral cancer prediction. We developed a 29-transcript predictive model which showed marked improvement in terms of prediction accuracy (with 8% predicting error rate) over the models using previously known clinicopathologic risk factors. On the basis of the gene expression profile data, we also identified 2,182 transcripts significantly associated with oral cancer risk-associated genes (P value < 0.01; univariate Cox proportional hazards model). Functional pathway analysis revealed proteasome machinery, MYC, and ribosomal components as the top gene sets associated with oral cancer risk. In multiple independent data sets, the expression profiles of the genes can differentiate head and neck cancer from normal mucosa. Our results show that gene expression profiles may improve the prediction of oral cancer risk in OPL patients and the significant genes identified may serve as potential targets for oral cancer chemoprevention.

Positive Regulation of Hepatic MiR-122 Expression by HNF4α

Journal of Hepatology. Sep, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21241755

miR-122 is the most abundant microRNA in the liver and regulates metabolic pathways including cholesterol biosynthesis, fatty acid synthesis, and oxidation. However, little is known about mechanisms that regulate the expression of miR-122 in the liver. The aim of this study was to identify key transcriptional regulators for miR-122 expression through intensively studying its primary transcript and promoter region.

Primary Angioplasty for a Subtype of Symptomatic Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis

Neuroradiology. Sep, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 20931183

The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term efficacy of middle cerebral artery revascularisation by primary balloon angioplasty for the prevention of stroke in a certain subtype of patients.

[Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Microwave Ablation in the Treatment of Diffuse Adenomyosis]

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. Oct, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 22322052

To assess the feasibility of percutaneous microwave ablation in the treatment of diffuse adenomyosis.

Molecular Mechanisms of Celery Seed Extract Induced Apoptosis Via S Phase Cell Cycle Arrest in the BGC-823 Human Stomach Cancer Cell Line

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP. 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 22320960

Background: Mechanisms of apoptosis in tumor cells is an important field of tumor therapy and cancer molecular biology. Loss of cell cycle control, leading to uncontrolled proliferation, is common in cancer. Therefore, the identification of potent and selective cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors is a priority for anti-cancer drug discovery. There are at least two major apoptotic pathways, initiated by caspase-8 and caspase-9, respectively, which can activate caspase cascades. Apoptosis triggered by activation of the mitochondrial-dependent caspase pathway represents the main programmed cell death mechanism. This is activated by various intracellular stresses that induce permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane. Anti-tumor effects of celery seed extract (CSE) and related mechanisms regarding apoptosis were here investigated in human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells. Methods: CSE was produced by supercritical fluid extraction. Cell viability was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and apoptosis by flow cytometry using Annexin/PI staining and DAPI staining and a laser scanning cConfocal microscope (LSCM). Cell cycling was evaluated using PI staining with flow cytometry and expression of cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins cyclin A, CDK2, bcl-2 and bax was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Results: CSE had an anti-proliferation effect on human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After treatment, the apoptotic rate significantly increased, with morphological changes typical of apoptosis observed with LSCM by DAPI staining. Cell cycle and apoptosis related proteins, such as cyclin A, CDK2 and bcl-2 were all down-regulated, whereas bax was up-regulated. Conclusions: The molecular determinants of inhibition of cell proliferation as well as apoptosis of CSE may be associated with cycle arrest in the S phase.

[Effects of Different Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium Fertilization Modes on Carbon- and Nitrogen Accumulation and Allocation in Rice Plant]

Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao = The Journal of Applied Ecology / Zhongguo Sheng Tai Xue Xue Hui, Zhongguo Ke Xue Yuan Shenyang Ying Yong Sheng Tai Yan Jiu Suo Zhu Ban. Oct, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 22263466

Based on a 20-year field site-specific fertilization experiment in Taoyuan Experimental Station of Agriculture Ecosystems under Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN), this paper studied the effects of different fertilization modes of N, P, and K on the accumulation and allocation of C and N in rice plant. The fertilization mode N-only showed the highest C and N contents (433 g kg(-1) and 18.9 g kg(-1), respectively) in rice grain, whereas the modes balanced fertilization of chemical N, P and K (NPK) and its combination with organic mature recycling (NPKC) showed the highest storage of C and N in rice plant. In treatments NPK and NPKC, the C storage in rice grain and in stem and leaf was 1960 kg hm(-2) and 2015 kg hm(-2), and 2002 kg hm(-2) and 2048 kg hm(-2), and the N storage in rice grain was 80.5 kg hm(-2) and 80.6 kg hm(-2), respectively. Treatment NPK had the highest N storage (59.3 kg hm(-2)) in stem and leaf. Balanced fertilization of chemical N, P, and K combined with organic manure recycling increased the accumulation of C and N in rice plant significantly. Comparing with applying N only, balanced fertilization of chemical N, P, and K was more favorable to the accumulation and allocation of C and N in rice plant during its growth period.

Preparation and Characterization of Aspirin/chitosan Nanoparticles by Nucleation and Ionic Crosslinking in Micro Emulsions

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society. Nov, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 22195912

A Novel Biodegradable and Thermosensitive Polymer with Peg-analogue Macromolecular Structure

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society. Nov, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 22195856

Associations Between Elevated Homocysteine, Cognitive Impairment, and Reduced White Matter Volume in Healthy Old Adults

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry. Dec, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 22157262

OBJECTIVES:: Elevated homocysteine has emerged as a risk factor for cognitive impairment even in healthy elderly persons. Reduced brain volume and white matter hyperintensities also occur in healthy elderly as well, but the interrelationships between these have not been well studied. We report these interrelationships in non demented, relatively healthy, community-dwelling older adults from a single East Asian population. METHODS:: Two hundred twenty-eight right-handed participants age 55 years and above were evaluated. Persons with medical conditions or neurological diseases other than well-controlled diabetes mellitus and hypertension were excluded. Participants underwent quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the brain using a standardized protocol and neuropsychological evaluation. Plasma homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12, and markers for cardiovascular risk: blood pressure, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile were measured. RESULTS:: Elevated homocysteine was associated with reduced global cerebral volume, larger ventricles, reduced cerebral white matter volume, and lower cognitive performance in several domains. Elevated homocysteine was associated with reduced white matter volume (β = -20.80, t = -2.9, df = 223, p = 0.004) and lower speed of processing (β = -0.38, t = -2.1, df = 223, p = 0.03), even after controlling for age, gender, and education. However, the association between homocysteine and lower speed of processing disappeared after controlling for white matter volume. Elevated homocysteine was not associated with white matter hyperintensity volume or with hippocampal volume. Although homocysteine and folate levels were correlated, their effects on white matter volume were dissociated. CONCLUSION:: In non demented, relatively healthy adults, elevated homocysteine is associated with lower cognitive scores and reduced cerebral white matter volume. These effects can be dissociated from those related to white matter hyperintensities or reduced folate level.

Administration of Hydrogen-saturated Saline Decreases Plasma Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Improves High-density Lipoprotein Function in High-fat Diet-fed Hamsters

Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental. Dec, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 22153840

Hydrogen (dihydrogen; H(2)) has an antiatherosclerotic effect in apolipoprotein (apo) E knockout mice. The goals of this study were to further characterize the effects of H(2) on the content, composition, and biological activities of plasma lipoproteins in golden hamsters. Plasma analysis by enzymatic method and fast protein liquid chromatography showed that 4-week intraperitoneal injection of hydrogen-saturated saline remarkably decreased plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in high-fat diet-fed hamsters. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of apolipoproteins from ultracentrifugally isolated plasma lipoproteins revealed a marked decrease of apo B100 and apo B48 in LDL. A profound decrease of apo E level in very low-density lipoprotein was also observed. Besides, we determined the functional quality of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles isolated from H(2)-treated and control mice. H(2) significantly improved HDL functionality assessed in 2 independent ways, namely, (1) stimulation of cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells by measuring HDL-induced [(3)H]cholesterol efflux and (2) protection against LDL oxidation as a measure of Cu(2+)-induced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances formation. Administration of hydrogen-saturated saline decreases plasma LDL cholesterol and apo B levels and improves hyperlipidemia-injured HDL functions, including the capacity of enhancing cellular cholesterol efflux and playing antioxidative properties, in high-fat diet-fed hamsters.

Perfusion-related Complications Are Similar for DIEP and Muscle-sparing Free TRAM Flaps Harvested on Medial or Lateral Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Branch Perforators for Breast Reconstruction

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Dec, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 22094755

Anatomical studies suggest that the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) medial branch perfuses more tissue across the midline than the lateral branch. The authors hypothesized that unilateral deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) and muscle-sparing free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flaps based on medial branch perforators would have fewer perfusion-related complications.

[Genetic Characterization of Poliovirus Isolates from Environmental Sewage Surveillance in Shandong, 2010]

Bing Du Xue Bao = Chinese Journal of Virology / [bian Ji, Bing Du Xue Bao Bian Ji Wei Yuan Hui]. Jul, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21874902

To investigate the genetic characteristics of poliovirus isolates from environmental sewage surveillance in Shandong province, we collected sewage samples in Jinan and Linyi City. Serotyping and VP1/ 3D sequencing were performed on polioviruses isolated from the concentrated sewage samples, and VP1 mutation and recombination were analyzed. Thirty-two of sewage samples were collected, and polioviruses were detected in 10 of the samples with a positive rate of 31.3%. Eighteen Sabin strains were isolated including three type 1, nine type 2, and six type 3 polioviruses, and the number of nucleotide substitutions in VP1 coding region varied from 0 to 4. Recombination was found in three Sabin 2 and four Sabin 3 polioviruses. Analysis of neurovirulence sites of VP1 revealed that one Sabin 1 vaccine strain had a nucleotide change of A to G at nt 2749, one Sabin 2 strain had a nucleotide change of A to G at nt 2908, three Sabin 2 strains had a nucleotide change of U to C at nt 2909, and all six Sabin 3 strains had a nucleotide change of C to U at nt 2493. Poliovirus vaccine strains could be isolated from environmental sewage with a high rate of gene recombination and back mutation of neuvirulence-associated sites. None of wild-type poliovirus or vaccine-derived poliovirus was detected.

Surface Interactions and Fouling Properties of Micrococcus Luteus with Microfiltration Membranes

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. Nov, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21870124

This study was conducted to investigate microbial adhesion of Micrococcus luteus to polypropylene (PP) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes in relation to the variation of the interfacial energies in the membrane-bacteria systems, for revealing effects of short-range surface interactions on filtration behavior. Both the membranes and M. luteus showed typical strong electron donors and hydrophilic properties. The AB component was dominant in the interfacial energies of the two membrane-bacteria systems. M. luteus presented larger negative U(mlb)(XDLVO) to the PP membrane than to the PVDF membrane. The adhesion experiments also proved that M. luteus had higher adhesion percentage to the PP membrane. This study demonstrated that the adhesion potentials of M. luteus to the PP and PVDF membranes might be explained in terms of bacterium, membrane, and intervening medium surface properties, which are mainly determined by the interfacial energies in the systems according to the XDLVO theory.

Deletion of RBP-J in Adult Mice Leads to the Onset of Aortic Valve Degenerative Diseases

Molecular Biology Reports. Jul, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21773950

Transcription factor RBP-J-mediated Notch signaling has been implicated in several inherited cardiovascular diseases including aortic valve diseases (AVD). But whether Notch signal plays a role in AVD in adults has been unclear. This study aims to test whether the deletion of RBP-J in adult mice would lead to AVD and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Cre-LoxP-mediated gene deletion was employed to disrupt Notch signal in adult mice. Immunofluorescence and electron microscope observations showed that deletion of RBP-J in adult mice led to early morphological changes of AVD. The size of aortic valve was enlarged. The endothelial homeostasis was perturbed, probably due to the up-regulation of VEGFR2. The endothelial cells exhibited increased proliferation and loose endothelial junctions. The valvular mesenchyme displayed significant fibrosis, consistent with the up-regulation of TGF-β1 and activation of endothelial-mesenchymal transition. We observed melanin-producing cells in aortic valves. The number of melanin-producing cells increased significantly, and their location changed from the mesenchyme to subendothelial layer of valve cusps in RBP-J deficient mice. These results suggest that RBP-J-mediated Notch signaling in aortic valves may be critically involved in valve homeostasis and valve diseases as well. These findings will be helpful for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of AVD in adults.

FRET Analysis Reveals Distinct Conformations of IN Tetramers in the Presence of Viral DNA or LEDGF/p75

Nucleic Acids Research. Nov, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21771857

A tetramer of HIV-1 integrase (IN) stably associates with the viral DNA ends to form a fully functional concerted integration intermediate. LEDGF/p75, a key cellular binding partner of the lentiviral enzyme, also stabilizes a tetrameric form of IN. However, functional assays have indicated the importance of the order of viral DNA and LEDGF/p75 addition to IN for productive concerted integration. Here, we employed Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) to monitor assembly of individual IN subunits into tetramers in the presence of viral DNA and LEDGF/p75. The IN-viral DNA and IN-LEDGF/p75 complexes yielded significantly different FRET values suggesting two distinct IN conformations in these complexes. Furthermore, the order of addition experiments indicated that FRET for the preformed IN-viral DNA complex remained unchanged upon its subsequent binding to LEDGF/p75, whereas pre-incubation of LEDGF/p75 and IN followed by addition of viral DNA yielded FRET very similar to the IN-LEDGF/p75 complex. These findings provide new insights into the structural organization of IN subunits in functional concerted integration intermediates and suggest that differential multimerization of IN in the presence of various ligands could be exploited as a plausible therapeutic target for development of allosteric inhibitors.

Increasing the Efficacy of Bioorthogonal Click Reactions for Bioconjugation: A Comparative Study

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English). Jul, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21761519

Variable Frequencies of Apolipoprotein E Genotypes and Its Effect on Serum Lipids in the Guangxi Zhuang and Han Children

International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 22016612

Guangxi Zhuang, the largest ethnic minority in China, is located in the southern part of the country, and well-known to the world as the longevity village. Studies of apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism in adults suggest the lower frequencies of E4 allele and E4/E4 genotype may account, in part, for the favorable lipid profiles of Guangxi Zhuang. However, the effect of APOE polymorphism on serum lipids in the Guangxi Zhuang children is yet unknown to date. In the present study, genomic DNA was extracted from 278 Guangxi Zhuang and 200 Guangxi Han children. APOE genotypes were determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The fasting serum lipoprotein a [Lp(a)], total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) and apoB were measured. Our results demonstrated that no significant differences in serum lipids were observed between the Guangxi Zhuang and Han children. The E4/E4 and E4/E3 genotypic frequencies were significantly lower in the Guangxi Zhuang children compared with the Guangxi Han children, whereas for E2/E2, E3/E2 and E4/E2 genotypic frequencies the opposite was presented. Though no significant differences in serum lipid concentrations were found for variant alleles both in the Guangxi Zhuang and Han children, the trend was observed in the association of higher levels of Lp(a), TC, TG and LDL-C with E4 allele in the Guangxi Zhuang children. In conclusion, a significant heterogeneity in APOE genetic variation indeed exists between the Guangxi Zhuang and Han ethnic group. The E4 allele may serve as a genetic marker for susceptibility to higher lipid profiles in the Guangxi Zhuang children. Lifestyle should be modified, according to APOE polymorphism even in the young children.

Clinical Benefits of Systemic Chemotherapy for Patients with Metastatic Pheochromocytomas or Sympathetic Extra-adrenal Paragangliomas: Insights from the Largest Single-institutional Experience

Cancer. Oct, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 22006217

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical benefits of systemic chemotherapy for patients with metastatic pheochromocytomas or sympathetic paragangliomas by assessing reductions in tumor size and blood pressure and improvements in overall survival (OS). METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with metastatic pheochromocytomas-sympathetic paragangliomas who had received chemotherapy at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. RESULTS: Clinical benefit and OS were assessed. Of 54 patients who received chemotherapy, 52 patients were evaluable for response. Seventeen patients (33%) experienced a response, which was defined as decreased or normalized blood pressure/decreased number and dosage of antihypertensive medications and/or reduced tumor size after the first chemotherapy regimen. The median OS was 6.4 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.2-16.4 years) for responders and 3.7 years (95% CI, 3.0-7.5 years) for nonresponders. Among the patients who had synchronous metastatic disease, a positive response at 1 year after the start of chemotherapy was associated with a trend toward longer OS (log-rank test; P = .095). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, the effect of response to chemotherapy on OS was significant (hazard ratio, 0.22; 95% CI, interval: 0.05-1.0; P = .05). All responders had received dacarbazine and cyclophosphamide. Vincristine was included for 14 responders, and doxorubicin was included for 12 responders. The clinical factors that predicted response to chemotherapy could not be identified. CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicted that chemotherapy may decrease tumor size and facilitate blood pressure control in approximately 33% of patients with metastatic pheochromocytoma-sympathetic paraganglioma. These patients exhibited longer survival. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.

Synthesis, X-ray Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of Novel 2-aryl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylpyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles

Luminescence : the Journal of Biological and Chemical Luminescence. Oct, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 22002718

A series of novel 2-aryl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylpyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized by the tandem reaction of 2-benzoyl benzimidazole and (Z)-ethyl 4-bromo-3-arylbut-2-enoate in the presence of potassium carbonate. The compounds were characterized using IR, (1) H-NMR, (13) C-NMR, HRMS and the structure of 6f was further determined by X-ray crystallography. Both absorption and fluorescence spectra characteristics of the compounds were investigated in acetonitrile and dichloromethane. The results showed that the absorption maxima of the compounds varied from 220 to 284 nm, depending on the structure of 2-aryl group. The fluorescence results revealed that these compounds exhibited blue-green fluorescence (463-475 nm) in dilute solutions and showed acceptable fluorescence quantum yields (Ф(PL)  = 0.13-0.73) in dichloromethane. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Synthesis and Activity Study of Phosphonamidate Dipeptides As Potential Inhibitors of VanX

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. Dec, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 22001030

In an effort to develop inhibitors of VanX, the phosphonamidate analogs of D-Ala-D-Ala dipeptides, N-[(1-aminoethyl) hydroxyphosphinyl]-glycine (1a), -alanine (1b), -valine (1c), -leucine (1d) and -phenylalanine (1e) were synthesized, characterized and evaluated using recombinant VanX. The crystal structure of the intermediate 6d was obtained (Deposition number: CCDC 839134), and structural analysis revealed that it is orthorhombic with a space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), the bond length of P-N is 1.62Å and angle of C-N-P is 123.6°. Phosphonamidate 1(a-e) showed to be inhibitors of VanX with IC(50) values of 0.39, 0.70, 1.12, 2.82, and 4.13mM, respectively, which revealed that the inhibition activities of the phosphonamidates were dependent on the size of R-substituent of them, with the best inhibitor 1a having the smallest substituent. Also, 1a showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) with a MIC value of 0.25 μg/ml.

Novel Conjugation of Norvancomycin-fluorescein for Photodynamic Inactivation of Bacillus Subtilis

Bioconjugate Chemistry. Nov, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21999249

A simple and unique conjugation of norvancomycin-fluorescein (VanF) has been achieved. It was characterized by UV-vis and fluorescence spectra and confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrum. The photodynamic assay indicated that VanF effectively inactivated the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) from clinic with inactivation rate of 30-70% within 1-7.5 μM. In vitro, VanF showed low antimicrobial activity with value of >128 μg/mL, binding affinity with value of 180 nM per 10(8) cells/mL against the bacteria strains. The fluorescence imaging showed that VanF could label the B. subtilis strain, but not the Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 51299, VanD), and VRE strains from clinic.

High Sensitivity (1 Ppm) Hydrogen Detection Using an Unconventional Pd/n-InP Schottky Device

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal. Oct, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21969103

Hydrogen is detected using a Pd/n-InP Schottky diode in which the elongated, very thin Pd electrode is of greater resistance than the underlying semiconductor substrate. Four-probe measurements of the device resistance, as a function of hydrogen concentration, are made by contacting only the Pd electrode, with a sensitivity of 1 ppm being achieved. On hydrogen exposure the device resistance drops from an initial high value, characteristic of the Pd electrode alone, to a lower value due to a hydrogen-induced lowering of the Schottky barrier that opens up the InP substrate as a parallel current carrying channel.

Physical Health and Cognitive Function Independently Contributed to Functional Disability Among Chinese Older Adults: Data from Two Asian Metropolises

Journal of Aging Research. 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21941656

Objective. We aimed to examine the independent contributions of physical health and cognitive function to disability among Chinese older adults living in two Asian metropolises and explore the potential influences of environment. Design and Participants. Cross-sectional analysis based on data from two population-based studies: the Shanghai Survey of Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia (n = 4639) and the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study (n = 2397). Disability was defined as needing help in at least one activity of daily living. Results. The prevalence of functional disability was higher in Shanghai sample (5%) than that in Singapore sample (1.8%). Number of chronic diseases, self-rated health status, cognitive function (measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination), and environment (Singapore versus Shanghai) significantly contributed to functional disability independent of each other. The adjusted Odds Ratio was 1.35 (95%CI 1.22-1.50), 2.85 (95% CI 2.36-3.43), 0.89 (95% CI 0.85-0.94), and 0.68 (95% CI 0.48-0.96), respectively. The strength of associations between health variables and disability appeared to be influenced by environment. Conclusion. Physical health and cognitive function independently contributed to functional disability. The associations are modulated by environmental factors.

Role of Long Non-coding RNAs in Gene Regulation and Oncogenesis

Chinese Medical Journal. Aug, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21933572

This article aims to review recent studies on the biological characteristics of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), transcription regulation by lncRNAs, and the results of recent studies on the mechanism of action of lncRNAs in tumor development.

Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Microwave Ablation for Symptomatic Uterine Fibroid Treatment--a Clinical Study

International Journal of Hyperthermia : the Official Journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group. 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21756048

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety and therapeutic effects of ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous microwave thermal ablation (PMTA) in situ for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroid.

The Complete Genome Sequence of an Enterovirus 76 Isolate in China Reveals a Recombination Event

Archives of Virology. Sep, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21755310

Enterovirus 76 (EV76) is a new member of species Human Enterovirus A (HEV-A). So far, the only complete genome sequence of the prototype strain from France has been available. In this study, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of strain 04360, isolated from an acute flaccid paralysis patient in Shandong province, China in 2004. Sequence analysis revealed 80.7-94.7% VP1 nucleotide identity to other EV76 strains and provided evidence of recombination with other types of HEV-A in the P2 and P3 coding regions.

1,5-Bis(1-phenyl-ethyl-idene)thio-carbono-hydrazide

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online. Jun, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21754879

The title mol-ecule, C(17)H(18)N(4)S, is not planar, as indicated by the dihedral angle of 27.24 (9)° between the two benzene rings. In the crystal, inter-molecular N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds link pairs of mol-ecules into inversion dimers.

Cyanidotetra-kis-(trimethyl-phosphine)cobalt(I)

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online. Apr, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21754010

The title compound, [Co(CN)(C(3)H(9)P)(4)], was obtained as a product of the reaction of [Co(PMe(3))(4)] with a molar equivalent of 2,6-difluoro-benzonitrile in diethyl ether. This compound is stable in the air for several hours, but rapidly decomposes at room temperature in solution. The cobalt(I) atom has s trigonal-bipyramidal coordination enviroment in which the cyano group and one of the PMe(3) groups are in the axial positions.

Photoactivated Green Fluorescence Emission by Femtosecond Oscillator from Indole Solutions

Journal of Fluorescence. Nov, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21744315

We reported a novel femtosecond-laser-activated fluorescence emission from indole solutions upon excitation by the second harmonic wavelength of a femtosecond oscillator. A new absorption band around 400 nm and corresponding fluorescent band in the green domain were produced after the irradiation of femtosecond laser. This femtosecond-laser-activated luminescence process that allows the use of visible wavelength as a substitute for UV light to excite fluorescence from indole would extend applications based on indole chromophore. Furthermore, the photoactived emission can act as a fluorescence lifetime probe to measure the polarity in complex biological systems since it is polarity-sensitive. High performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLU) and high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS) analysis demonstrate that the origin of the photoactivated fluorescence is new molecular species that generated in indole solution upon femtosecond laser irradiation.

A New Aminopeptidase Inhibitor from Streptomyces Strain HCCB10043 Found by UPLC-MS

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. Aug, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21626195

The diversity of microbial metabolites has been of interest and concern for a long time, yet a suitable method for discovering these is still unavailable. In the work discussed in this report, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem quadrupole and time of flight high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-HRMS), with MS data analysis, was set up to study the metabolites of Streptomyces strain HCCB10043. It was found that besides antibacterial substances (A21978C complex) and two anti-aminopeptidase compounds (valistatin and bestatin), this strain can produce a new aminopeptidase inhibitor, identified as 3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoylvalylisoleucine. This new compound had greater activity than valistatin or bestatin in aminopeptidase N (APN) inhibition assay. The results proved that combination of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis and classic purification and identification steps as complementary strategies can provide a method with high reliability for research on microbial secondary metabolites. Furthermore, it has shown that the study of secondary metabolic profiling might be the key to discovering new drugs.

Abdominal Donor-site Outcomes for Medial Versus Lateral Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Branch Perforator Harvest

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Jun, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21617453

Damage to the intercostal nerves during deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) and muscle-sparing free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap harvest compromises abdominal wall integrity. Intercostal motor nerves are closely associated with the lateral branch of the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA); therefore, the authors hypothesized that medial branch flap donor sites would develop fewer abdominal bulges/hernias.

A Prospective Cohort Study of Fibula Free Flap Donor-site Morbidity in 157 Consecutive Patients

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Sep, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21572380

Although the fibula free flap is preferred for bony head and neck reconstruction, donor-site morbidity remains a concern. The authors' goal was to evaluate potential risk factors for complications and whether the type of wound closure and timing of postoperative ambulation had an effect on the development of short- and long-term morbidities.

[Effect of Fertilization on the Absorption, Partition and Accumulation of Carbon and Nitrogen of Rice Under the Equal N Conditions]

Huan Jing Ke Xue= Huanjing Kexue / [bian Ji, Zhongguo Ke Xue Yuan Huan Jing Ke Xue Wei Yuan Hui "Huan Jing Ke Xue" Bian Ji Wei Yuan Hui.]. Feb, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21528586

In this study, the assimilation, partition and accumulation of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), as well as the relationship between C and N accumulation of rice, were studied from typical paddy ecosystems under long-term fertilizer applications with equal N inputs in subtropical China. The results showed that chemical fertilizer plus low organic manure (LOM) could promote effectively the distribution of C in the rice plant. The N content in the stem-leaf and grain of rice under organic-inorganic fertilization was 8.9-10.2 g x kg(-1) and 11.9-14.8 g x kg(-1) respectively. It was much higher than under other treatments, with about 13% - 53% and 9% - 19% higher than under the chemical fertilization (NPK), separately and 12% - 77% and 23% - 32% higher than under the control treatment (CK), respectively. The C and N storages of rice were mainly accumulated in the aboveground part. Organic-inorganic fertilization treatment possessed higher storages of C (3467.8-4 323.9 kg x hm(-2)) and N (120.3-135.2 kg x hm(-2)) in the rice grain,which was about 13% - 23% of C and 26% - 45% of N higher than under NPK treatment. It indicated that rice grain was the main sink of C and N. The organic-inorganic fertilization was in favor of C accumulation and N absorption in the rice plant and it still possesses an obvious potential in C and N sequestration and absorption in subtropical paddy field.

[Study on the Genetic Characterization and Molecular Epidemiology of Echovirus 11 Strains Isolated in Shandong Province, China.]

Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi = Zhonghua Liuxingbingxue Zazhi. Feb, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21518625

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the evolution and genetic characterization of echovirus 11 (Echo11) from the acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases in Shandong province. METHODS: Isolation of Enterovirus was performed from stool samples of AFP cases from 1994 to 2009. All positive strains were sero-typed by neutralization test. Entire VP1 coding region from 27 strains typed as Echo11 was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and subsequently phylogenetic analyse on VP1 sequences from these strains and others published in GenBank were conducted. RESULTS: From 1994 to 2009, altogether 915 non-polio enterovirus (NPEV) strains were isolated with 79 (8.6%) isolates serotyped as Echo11. There were 876 nucleotides (nt) in the complete VP1 genes, encoding 292 amino acids (aa). The nt identities were 76.4% - 100.0% among those Echo11 Shandong strains with the aa identities as 91.4% - 100.0%. The nt and aa identities were 77.7% - 80.7% and 90.7% - 94.8% between Shandong strains and prototype strains, respectively. CONCLUSION: All Echo11 strains could be divided into four genotypes. Shandong strains that forming three (A1, A2 and C1) new sub-genotypes, with every sub-genotype had several brands. Sub-genotype A1 appeared to be the lately circulating one.

Cocirculation of Two Transmission Lineages of Echovirus 6 in Jinan, China, As Revealed by Environmental Surveillance and Sequence Analysis

Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Jun, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21478313

Enterovirus environmental surveillance on sewage from the city of Jinan, Shandong Province, China, was initiated in 2008. Thirty echovirus 6 (E6) strains-1 in 2008 and 29 in 2010-were isolated and identified. Most E6 isolates (n = 21) came from the sewage collected on August 2010, revealing high local E6 activity at that time. Interestingly, the VP1 sequences of most isolates, even from the same sewage, were not identical. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 sequences revealed two lineages for these isolates, with 78.0 to 80.0% nucleotide identities with one another, 94.8 to 100.0% identity within the major lineage, and 92.7 to 98.5% identity within the minor one. The VP1 sequences of environmental isolates, clinical isolates from 1998 to 2010, and global E6 were subjected to evolutionary analysis using Bayesian phylodynamic methods. The inferred E6 VP1 ancestral sequence dated back to 1901 (range, 1873 to 1928) and evolved with 7.047 × 10(-3) substitutions per site per year. Shandong E6 segregated into three clusters, and the two environmental lineages belonged to clusters A and C, which originated in 2003 and 1992, respectively. The antigenicity analysis via neutralization assay confirmed great antigenic differences between Shandong isolates and a prototype strain. These findings underscore the value of continuous environmental surveillance and genetic analysis to monitor circulating enteroviruses in the population and give further insight into E6 evolution.

A Prospective Study of Preoperative Computed Tomographic Angiography for Head and Neck Reconstruction with Anterolateral Thigh Flaps

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Apr, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21460659

During anterolateral thigh flap harvest, inadequate perforators may necessitate modification of the flap design, exploration of the contralateral thigh, or additional flap harvest. Computed tomographic angiography may facilitate perforator mapping and optimize flap design. The authors performed this pilot study to determine the predictive power of computed tomographic angiography in anterolateral thigh flap planning and execution.

Differential Impacts of Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in Epithelial IGF-induced Lung Cancer Development

Endocrinology. Jun, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21447628

The IGF axis has been implicated in the risk of various cancers. We previously reported a potential role of tissue-derived IGF in lung tumor formation and progression. However, the role of IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3, a major IGFBP, on the activity of tissue-driven IGF in lung cancer development is largely unknown. Here, we show that IGF-I, but not IGF-II, protein levels in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were significantly higher than those in normal and hyperplastic bronchial epithelium. We found that IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels in NSCLC tissue specimens were significantly correlated with phosphorylated IGF-IR (pIGF-IR) expression. We investigated the impact of IGFBP-3 expression on the activity of tissue-driven IGF-I in lung cancer development using mice carrying lung-specific human IGF-I transgene (Tg), a germline-null mutation of IGFBP-3, or both. Compared with wild-type (BP3(+/+)) mice, mice carrying heterozygous (BP3(+/-)) or homozygous (BP3(-/-)) deletion of IGFBP-3 alleles exhibited decreases in circulating IGFBP-3 and IGF-I. Unexpectedly, IGF(Tg) mice with 50% of physiological IGFBP-3 (BP3(+/-); IGF(Tg)) showed higher levels of pIGF-IR/IR and a greater degree of spontaneous or tobacco carcinogen [4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone]-induced lung tumor development and progression than did the IGF(Tg) mice with normal (BP3(+/+;) IGF(Tg)) or homozygous deletion of IGFBP-3 (BP3(-/-); IGF(Tg)). These data show that IGF-I is overexpressed in NSCLC, leading to activation of IGF-IR, and that IGFBP-3, depending on its expression level, either inhibits or potentiates IGF-I actions in lung carcinogenesis.

[Expression of CD38 and HLA-DR on CD8+ T Cells in Pediatric AIDS Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)]

Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. Chinese Journal of Pediatrics. Jan, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21429312

To study the expression of CD38 and HLA-DR on CD8(+) T cells in pediatric AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and the relationship of immune activation and disease progression.

[The Study of Follow Up of Percutaneous Microwave Ablation for Uterine Fibroids Treatment]

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. Jan, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21418963

To study the prognosis of fibroid after ultrasound-guidance percutaneous microwave ablation (PMAUF).

Optimal Timing of Delayed Free Lower Abdominal Flap Breast Reconstruction After Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Mar, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21364413

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal timing of delayed abdominal free flap breast reconstruction following postmastectomy radiation therapy. The authors evaluated the association between timing of delayed abdominal free flap breast reconstruction following postmastectomy radiation therapy and postoperative complications.

Effect of Intraoperative Saline Fill Volume on Perioperative Outcomes in Tissue Expander Breast Reconstruction

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Mar, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21364408

The effect of tissue expander saline fill volume on perioperative complications in breast reconstruction is unclear. The authors evaluated patients undergoing immediate breast reconstruction with tissue expanders with varying saline fill volumes to determine patient-, surgery-, and disease-related factors associated with complication risk.

Mechanistic, Mutational, and Structural Evaluation of a Taxus Phenylalanine Aminomutase

Biochemistry. Apr, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21361343

The structure of a phenylalanine aminomutase (TcPAM) from Taxus canadensis has been determined at 2.4 Å resolution. The active site of the TcPAM contains the signature 4-methylidene-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one prosthesis, observed in all catalysts of the class I lyase-like family. This catalyst isomerizes (S)-α-phenylalanine to the (R)-β-isomer by exchange of the NH2/H pair. The stereochemistry of the TcPAM reaction product is opposite of the (S)-β-tyrosine made by the mechanistically related tyrosine aminomutase (SgTAM) from Streptomyces globisporus. Since TcPAM and SgTAM share similar tertiary- and quaternary-structures and have several highly conserved aliphatic residues positioned analogously in their active sites for substrate recognition, the divergent product stereochemistries of these catalysts likely cannot be explained by differences in active site architecture. The active site of the TcPAM structure also is in complex with (E)-cinnamate; the latter functions as both a substrate and an intermediate. To account for the distinct (3R)-β-amino acid stereochemistry catalyzed by TcPAM, the cinnamate skeleton must rotate the C1-Cα and Cipso-Cβ bonds 180° in the active site prior to exchange and rebinding of the NH2/H pair to the cinnamate, an event that is not required for the corresponding acrylate intermediate in the SgTAM reaction. Moreover, the aromatic ring of the intermediate makes only one direct hydrophobic interaction with Leu-104. A L104A mutant of TcPAM demonstrated an ∼1.5-fold increase in kcat and a decrease in KM values for sterically demanding 3'-methyl-α-phenylalanine and styryl-α-alanine substrates, compared to the kinetic parameters for TcPAM. These parameters did not change significantly for the mutant with 4'-methyl-α-phenylalanine compared to those for TcPAM.

Prognostic Value of Serum CD44, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Levels in Patients with Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas

Leukemia & Lymphoma. Jan, 2012  |  Pubmed ID: 21895545

Elevated serum CD44, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) have been linked to poor prognosis in aggressive lymphomas, but their utility in low grade lymphomas remains undefined. We evaluated serum CD44, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 levels in 100 patients with newly diagnosed indolent NHL. The median pre-treatment values of the markers were as follows: CD44 540 ng/mL (range 156-1201), ICAM-1 311 ng/mL (range 102-1222) and VCAM-1 1165 ng/mL (range 248-4779). On univariate analysis, elevated sCD44, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were significantly associated with worse overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). In a subset analysis of patients with stage IV disease, the effects of sCD44 and sICAM-1 on OS persisted (p<0.05), as did the effect of sCD44 on PFS (p<0.01). In a multivariate analysis that included conventional prognostic factors and the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) model, sICAM-1 demonstrated prognostic value for OS and PFS. We conclude that serum CD44, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 can potentially be prognostic in patients with indolent NHL. Though the FLIPI model remains the gold standard for prognosis, these quantitative serologic markers may be useful as adjunct tools in assessing disease risk.

Doxorubicin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine and Dacarbazine Chemotherapy with Interferon for Advanced Stage Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: a 10-year Follow-up Study

Leukemia & Lymphoma. Jan, 2012  |  Pubmed ID: 22023528

Previous studies have shown that interferon-α (IFN-α) and chemotherapy is an effective treatment for patients with newly diagnosed follicular lymphoma. Therefore, we performed a phase II trial to determine the safety and effectiveness of IFN-α and standard doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (ABVD) chemotherapy (IABVD) in these patients. Patients with newly diagnosed advanced stage classic Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) were enrolled between July 1997 and March 2000 on IABVD as initial therapy. This consisted of six cycles of ABVD with concurrent IFN-α followed by radiation therapy if indicated. IFN-α 6 million IU/m(2) was administered subcutaneously daily for 3 days and on day 4 patients received IFN-α with ABVD. Courses were repeated every 2 weeks for a maximum of 12 courses. IFN-α dose reduction was allowed for cytopenia. Outcome and baseline characteristics were reported. Thirty patients (median age, 30 years [range, 18-62 years]) were evaluable. Patients had Ann Arbor stage II (7%), III (30%) or IV (63%) disease, and 47% were at intermediate or high risk, as defined by the International Prognostic Score (≤ 2 vs. > 2). The 3-year event-free survival rate was 71% (95% confidence interval [CI], 56-90%), and the 3-year overall survival rate was 96% (95% CI, 89-100%). Treatment was well tolerated, with only three patients requiring IFN-α dose reduction or discontinuation because of cytopenia. IABVD is an effective regimen against advanced HL and is well tolerated. However, because of the emergence of effective new biologic agents, further development of this regimen is not warranted.

Synthesis, Characterization and Activity of New Phosphonate Dipeptides As Potential Inhibitors of VanX

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. Jan, 2012  |  Pubmed ID: 22113110

VanX, a Zn(II)-dependent D-ala-D-ala dipeptidase, is essential for vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium. The enzymatic activity of VanX was previously found to be inhibited competitively by 2-{[(1-aminoethyl) (hydroxy) phosphoryl]oxy} propanoic acid (1B). Here we report the synthesis and characterization of seven phosphonate dipeptide analogs of D-ala-D-ala with various substituent, the activity evaluation indicated that six of these phosphonate analogs inhibit VanX with IC(50) of 0.48-8.21mM. These data revealed a structure-activity relationship which is that the large substituent group on β-carbon resulted in low binding affinity of the phonphonate analog to VanX. This information will be helpful to guide the design and synthesis of the tightly-binding inhibitors for VanX.

A Phase II Study of Gefitinib for Aggressive Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. Jan, 2012  |  Pubmed ID: 22261807

PURPOSE: To determine the disease control rate and toxicity of treating patients with aggressive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) with neoadjuvant gefitinib. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A prospective phase II clinical trial evaluating neoadjuvant gefitinib given prior to standard treatment with surgery and/or radiotherapy. Patients with stable disease after 1 cycle received escalated doses. Patients who responded were given gefitinib during radiation therapy, as well as maintenance therapy after definitive treatment. We analyzed the correlation between EGFR expression, mutation status, and gene copy number on available tissue samples and clinical response.RESULTS: Twenty-three patients were accrued and 22 patients were evaluable for response prior to definitive local treatment; complete responses were attained by 18.2% of patients and partial responses by 27.3%. Grade 2-3 toxicities were observed in 59.1% of patients experiencing class-specific effects during induction therapy. After induction, 11.8% underwent surgery alone, 17.6% had definitive radiation, 11.8% were treated with radiation and concurrent gefitinib, and 47% had surgery with postoperative radiation and concurrent gefitinib. Median follow-up for the censored observations was 32 months. Two-year overall, disease-specific, and progression-free survival rates were 72.1%, 72.1%, and 63.6%, respectively. No EGFR-activating mutations were identified in tumors samples available from 10 patients. No associations between EGFR correlative studies and patient outcomes were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Gefitinib, in the neoadjuvant setting, was active and well-tolerated in patients with aggressive CSCC, and did not interfere with definitive treatment. In view of the 18% CR rate we observed, EGFR TKIs should be further explored in the treatment of aggressive CSCC.

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Reduces Apoptosis in Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

Neuroscience Letters. Feb, 2012  |  Pubmed ID: 22206839

Purpose: To investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in human brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM). Materials and methods: Twelve AVM specimens were obtained from patients who did not received preoperative embolization. MIF levels were measured by Western blot and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) levels were measured by reverse transcription PCR. The expression of MIF in brain AVMs was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry and was correlated with apoptosis and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and MMP9. Results: The expression of MIF, MMP9, and cleaved caspase-3 was elevated in brain AVM vessels. High levels of MIF were primarily found in the endothelium and adventitia, whereas apoptotic cells were concentrated in the smooth muscle layer. Conclusions: Abnormal apoptosis may be involved in the pathogenesis of brain AVM. In addition, increased MIF expression could play an important role regulating the homeostasis of AVM vessels.

Severe Myopic Anisometropia in a Chinese Family

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry. Feb, 2012  |  Pubmed ID: 22311192

PURPOSE.: The aim of this study is to describe a Chinese four-generation family with severe myopic anisometropia and to explore the possible pathogenesis for this disease. METHODS.: Eighteen individuals of a four-generation family participated in the study, including a pair of monozygotic (MZ) twins. A detailed family history and clinical data were recorded. All participants were subjected to ophthalmologic examinations including refractive error, slitlamp, and fundus examination. B-scan and A-scan ultrasonography were additionally ordered for each affected patient for further evaluation. Optical refractive correction was prescribed, and full-time occlusion therapy of 6 days weekly in right eye and 1 day weekly in left eye was prescribed for the MZ twins. RESULTS.: Five individuals were affected with severe myopic anisometropia within this family, including the pair of MZ twins. In all affected individuals, the right eyes were more myopic than the left eyes, and axial length and anterior chamber depth measurements in the more myopic eyes were longer. After 6 months of therapy, the best corrected visual acuity in the amblyopic eye of the MZ twins improved significantly. CONCLUSIONS.: The co-occurrence of severe myopic anisometropia in five individuals of the family supports a genetic basis for the disease. The successful therapeutic effect on anisometropic amblyopia highlights the importance of early detection and timely treatment.

[Efficacy of Immunosuppressive Therapy for Children with Aplastic Anemia]

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. Jan, 2012  |  Pubmed ID: 22289749

To study the effectiveness and safety of immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in the treatment of childhood aplastic anemia (AA) and to study the main factors influencing the effectiveness.

Preliminary Normative Neuropsychological Data for an Elderly Chinese Population

The Clinical Neuropsychologist. Jan, 2012  |  Pubmed ID: 22288384

Neuropsychological testing is key to diagnosing and assessing for dementia but there is a dearth of normative neuropsychological data for ethnic Chinese older persons, particularly for non-English-speaking individuals with low education. The aim of this study was to establish a set of age-specific, education-specific, and culture-appropriate norms on measures of cognitive function for a population of cognitively normal community-dwelling Chinese elderly, and explore the effects of age and education on test performance. Results showed decreasing test performances with increasing age and very poor performance in the most poorly educated strata. However, the age-associated decline in test performance was not uniform across different education groups, indicating a more complex association. The present findings highlight a need for normative data that are applicable to lower educated elderly people as this group makes up a substantial proportion of the Asian elderly.