Extrusion-based Printing
Extrusion-based Printing - Related Videos
10:22
Demonstration of the Power Law Model Through Extrusion
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2023
Source: Kerry M. Dooley and Michael G. Benton, Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA Polymer melts are often formed into simple shapes or "extrudates", such as cylindrical pellets, flat sheets, or pipe, using an extruder.1 Polyolefins are among the most common extrudable polymers. Extrusion involves transporting and melting solid feed, which is sometimes mixed with non-polymeric materials, and the pressure build-up and transport of the melt or mixture.
09:39
Live Imaging of Cell Extrusion from the Epidermis of Developing Zebrafish
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Cited by 20 •
2011
Dying cells are extruded from epithelial tissues by concerted contraction of neighboring cells without disrupting barrier function. The optical clarity of developing zebrafish provides an excellent system to visualize extrusion in living epithelia. Here we describe methods to induce and image extrusion in the larval zebrafish epidermis at cellular resolution.
08:10
Hydraulic Extrusion of the Spinal Cord and Isolation of Dorsal Root Ganglia in Rodents
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Cited by 110 •
2017
Here, we present a protocol for hydraulic extrusion of the spinal cord as well as identification and isolation of specific dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) in the same rodent. Compared to standard spinal cord isolation methods, this method is significantly faster and reduces the risk of tissue damage.
11:35
Constant Pressure-controlled Extrusion Method for the Preparation of Nano-sized Lipid Vesicles
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Cited by 29 •
2012
This protocol describes an extrusion method for preparing lipid vesicles of sub-micron sizes with a high degree of homogeneity. This method uses a pressure-controlled system with controlled nitrogen flow rates for liposome preparation. The lipid preparation1,2, liposome extrusion, and size characterization will be presented herein.
06:06
Sediment Core Extrusion Method at Millimeter Resolution Using a Calibrated, Threaded-rod
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Cited by 21 •
2016
An extrusion method using a calibrated threaded-rod is presented, which allows for mm scale subsampling of aquatic sediment cores. Millimeter-scale sampling is necessary to fully characterize recent event stratigraphy in sediment records.
FAQs
These settings help determine how much material is deposited and how precisely each path can be placed. Adjusting nozzle size and flow rate can change printed resolution and the resulting mechanical properties, while printing conditions also influence whether deposited layers retain their shape. In bioengineering, researchers balance these variables with cell compatibility when designing biological constructs.
Shape retention depends on material behavior and post-deposition conditions. Viscosity can help a deposited strand resist spreading, while cooling or crosslinking can stabilize successive layers. These mechanisms matter because the printed structure must preserve its programmed geometry as additional material is placed, particularly when constructing customized biological forms.
Pneumatic, piston, and screw-driven systems provide the force needed to move printable material through the nozzle. The selected driving system therefore functions as a core component of the deposition setup, while nozzle size, flow rate, and printing conditions help determine the resulting construct. In bioengineering, this arrangement supports programmed placement of polymers, hydrogels, and living cells.
A basic workflow begins by selecting a printable material, such as a polymer, hydrogel, or cell-containing bioink, and loading it into the extrusion system. Pneumatic, piston, or screw-driven components force the material through a nozzle along programmed paths. The printer builds successive layers, while viscosity, cooling, or crosslinking helps the deposited structure maintain its intended form.
In bioengineering, the technique can produce tissue-engineering scaffolds, drug-delivery devices, and models of biological structures. It is especially useful when researchers need controlled placement of polymers, hydrogels, or living cells within a customized three-dimensional construct. The resulting control supports regenerative-medicine research as well as laboratory studies of biological structures.
Researchers can assess a printed construct through its resolution, mechanical properties, and cell compatibility. These outcomes reflect the combined effects of nozzle size, flow rate, and broader printing conditions rather than a single setting. Comparing those characteristics helps bioengineers select suitable parameters for a scaffold, drug-delivery device, or biological model, depending on the intended research use.