Floral Dipping Technique
Floral Dipping Technique - Related Videos
10:24
Floral-dip Transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana to Examine pTSO2::β-glucuronidase Reporter Gene Expression
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Cited by 21 •
2010
This article illustrates the floral-dip method of Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana. By introducing a cell-cycle regulated promoter-reporter, pTSO2::β-glucuronidase (GUS), into Arabidopsis, we illustrates how one detects GUS reporter expression in transgenic seedlings.
06:32
Plant Growth and Agrobacterium-mediated Floral-dip Transformation of the Extremophyte Schrenkiella parvula
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Cited by 10 •
2019
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using a floral-dip method can be successfully employed to create stable transgenic lines of the extremophyte model Schrenkiella parvula. We present a protocol modified from that for Arabidopsis thaliana, considering different growth habits and physiological characteristics of the extremophyte.
08:49
Floral-Dip Transformation of Flax (Linum usitatissimum) to Generate Transgenic Progenies with a High Transformation Rate
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Cited by 37 •
2014
Here, we present a protocol to transform flax using Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation via floral-dip. This protocol is simple to perform and inexpensive, yet yields a higher transformation rate than the current available methods for flax transformation.
05:22
Rapid Collection of Floral Fragrance Volatiles using a Headspace Volatile Collection Technique for GC-MS Thermal Desorption Sampling
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Cited by 1 •
2019
Here, we present a protocol for collecting the floral fragrance volatiles from blooming flowers, using a non-destructive sampling procedure.
04:54
Flavonoid Content During the Growth and Floral Development of Calendula officinalis L.
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Cited by 1 •
2025
Here, we present the aluminum chloride colorimetric method, a direct analytical technique to determine flavonoids in calendula quantitatively. This approach utilizes a straightforward chemical reaction involving treating the calendula extract with an aluminum chloride reagent, forming a colored complex. The color intensity, assessed using spectrophotometry, correlates with the flavonoid concentration.
FAQs
Developing ovules or embryos are the critical targets because DNA introduced into these reproductive tissues can be carried into the next generation. This distinguishes the method from approaches that transform only vegetative cells. Successful targeting therefore links bacterial DNA transfer with the later recovery of transformed seeds and the establishment of stable transgenic plant lines.
Agrobacterium serves as the biological delivery system for T-DNA, the transferable DNA region containing the introduced genetic material. During immersion of flowering plants, the bacterium contacts reproductive tissues and transfers this DNA into developing ovules or embryos. The resulting integration into reproductive material enables researchers to recover plants carrying the introduced sequence.
Eliminating a tissue-culture regeneration stage reduces the equipment, labor, and time needed to obtain transformed plants. Instead of regenerating whole plants from transformed cells in culture, researchers proceed through transformed seeds and their subsequent growth. This simpler route makes the approach especially useful when many genetic constructs or plant lines must be evaluated.
A surfactant is often included in the Agrobacterium suspension used for dipping. In this context, it accompanies immersion of flowering plants and supports the exposure of reproductive tissues to the bacterial suspension, helping create the conditions required for T-DNA transfer. Its inclusion is therefore part of optimizing contact during the transformation treatment rather than replacing the bacterial delivery system.
A typical workflow uses flowering plants, immerses them in an Agrobacterium suspension, and allows exposure of developing reproductive tissues to the bacterial preparation. Researchers then collect the resulting seeds, select those carrying the introduced DNA, and grow selected plants. These plants can subsequently establish stable transgenic lines for experiments involving gene function or regulation.
After the dipping treatment, seeds are subjected to selection so that those carrying the introduced genetic material can be distinguished from nontransformed seeds. Selected seeds are then grown into plants, providing material for establishing stable transgenic lines. This seed-based recovery step converts the initial reproductive-tissue exposure into an experimental plant population.
Researchers may choose the method for gene-function studies, promoter analysis, genome engineering, and functional genomics. It is particularly useful when the goal is to generate genetically modified plants without the time, equipment, and labor associated with tissue-culture regeneration. The resulting transgenic lines provide plant material for testing how introduced or altered genetic elements affect biological processes.