Avidity-based Detection
Avidity-based Detection - Related Videos
01:41
Affinity and Avidity
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2019
Overview Antibodies bind to toxins or substances on the surface of cells, bacteria, viruses, or fungi. The substance is called an antigen, and the precise binding site is the epitope. The strength of the antibody-epitope interaction is called affinity. When an antibody binds an antigen by multiple epitopes, the cumulative strength of the interaction is called avidity. The strength of the interaction influences the elicited immune response. The Adaptive Immune System Increases Efficiency by...
12:30
Avidity-based Extracellular Interaction Screening (AVEXIS) for the Scalable Detection of Low-affinity Extracellular Receptor-Ligand Interactions
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Cited by 56 •
2012
AVEXIS is a high throughput protein interaction assay developed to systematically screen for novel extracellular receptor-ligand pairs involved in cellular recognition processes. It is specifically designed to detect transient protein interactions that are difficult to identify using other high throughput approaches.
10:32
A Miniaturized Glycan Microarray Assay for Assessing Avidity and Specificity of Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinins
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Cited by 9 •
2016
Using a printed glycan microarray strategy, a conventional 96-well plate assay was miniaturized for analysis of influenza A virus hemagglutinin avidity and specificity for sialic acid containing receptors.
09:10
Combination of Adhesive-tape-based Sampling and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization for Rapid Detection of Salmonella on Fresh Produce
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Cited by 17 •
2010
This protocol describes a simple adhesive-tape-based approach for sampling of tomato and other fresh produce surfaces, followed by rapid whole cell detection of Salmonella using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
09:45
Locked Nucleic Acid Flow Cytometry-fluorescence in situ Hybridization (LNA flow-FISH): a Method for Bacterial Small RNA Detection
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Cited by 11 •
2012
A novel high-throughput method is described that enables the detection and relative quantitation of small RNA and mRNA expression from single bacterial cells using locked nucleic acid probes and flow cytometry-fluorescence in situ hybridization.
FAQs
The signal depends not only on whether a target carries the recognized feature, but also on how many such features are available for simultaneous engagement. Higher molecular density can support more combined interactions, producing stronger retention of the probe. This allows assays to distinguish targets according to feature abundance or presentation rather than a single binding event alone.
When several probe components bind at the same time, the probe is less likely to lose all target contacts through one dissociation event. Rebinding or continued engagement among the remaining contacts can maintain association with the target. As a result, multivalent recognition slows apparent dissociation and generates a more persistent signal than reliance on one molecular contact.
Repeated features must be presented in a configuration that allows a multivalent probe to engage them together. Targets with similar feature abundance may therefore produce different responses if their features are arranged differently or presented in less accessible forms. This makes spatial organization and molecular presentation important sources of selectivity in biological recognition assays.
An assay combines a multivalent probe, such as an antibody or ligand-coated particle, with a sample containing the potential target. The probe is allowed to engage repeated or clustered features, and the resulting signal is assessed according to its persistence or strength. Comparing these responses can reveal differences in target density, organization, or presentation.
The strategy can be applied to molecular and cellular targets, including proteins, cells, and pathogens. Its value differs by target: repeated features on a protein, organized features on a cell, or clustered structures on a pathogen can each support combined probe binding. This broad scope connects avidity-based assays with diagnostic testing and biomolecular analysis.
Beyond indicating that a recognition event occurred, the signal can reflect how targets display their molecular features. Differences in persistence or overall response may provide evidence about molecular density, spatial organization, or presentation. In research, these measurements help relate physical binding arrangements to recognition and signaling processes in biological systems.