Brain Atrophy
Brain Atrophy - Related Videos
01:21
Detection of Brain Atrophy by Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining
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2025
To detect brain atrophy, begin with slides carrying the deparaffinized brain sections from neurodegenerative mouse models at various ages.
10:50
Tibial Nerve Transection - A Standardized Model for Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice
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Cited by 38 •
2013
The tibial nerve transection model is a well-tolerated, validated, and reproducible model of skeletal muscle atrophy. The model surgical protocol is described and demonstrated in C57Black6 mice.
01:23
Cellular Adaptation I: Introduction and Atrophy
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2026
Cells can adapt to environmental changes to maintain function and avoid injury, a process called cellular adaptation. Adapted cells exist in a reversible intermediate state with changes in size, number, phenotype, metabolism, or function. These responses help cells meet altered physiological or pathological demands; for example, enlargement of breast and uterine tissues during pregnancy. Early adaptations may enhance function, but persistent stress eventually causes tissue damage.Types of...
02:44
Injecting Recombinant Adeno-Associated Vectors in a Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy Mouse Model
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2025
Source:Pourshafie, N., et al. Systemic Delivery of MicroRNA Using Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus Serotype 9 to Treat Neuromuscular Diseases in Rodents. J. Vis. Exp. (2018).In this video, a spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy or SBMA-affected mouse undergoes tail vein injection of recombinant AAV (Adeno-associated vectors) vectors carrying a plasmid encoding therapeutic microRNA. The vector produces microRNA that binds to mutant AR (Androgen receptor)-mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid),...
08:16
Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
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Cited by 12 •
2014
Dissociated atrophy of intrinsic hand muscles, termed the split hand, appears to be a specific feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Consequently, a novel neurodiagnostic test, termed the split hand index, was developed to quantify the clinical phenomenon of the split hand, which differentiated ALS from mimic disorders.
FAQs
Brain tissue decreases when neuronal injury, neuron loss, or reduced synaptic connectivity outpaces the brain’s ability to maintain and repair its structures. Synaptic connectivity refers to the links through which neurons communicate. Because these processes can affect different regions to different degrees, the resulting anatomical pattern may vary and neurological effects may depend on which areas are involved.
The consequences of brain atrophy depend partly on the regions affected, because different areas contribute to different aspects of neurological function. A process that primarily changes one region may therefore produce a different functional impact from one involving another region. Measuring regional rather than only overall volume helps researchers and clinicians relate anatomical changes to neurological findings.
Brain atrophy can occur during normal aging, but it is also associated with neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, traumatic injury, infection, and other disorders. Interpretation therefore requires attention to the pattern and context of tissue loss rather than assuming that every volume reduction has the same meaning. Regional measurements can help support this distinction when combined with clinical information.
The pattern varies because the underlying causes do not necessarily affect the same structures or processes. Neurodegenerative disease, stroke, traumatic injury, infection, and other disorders can each be associated with changes in different brain regions. Examining which areas show reduced volume can therefore provide context about the biological process and its possible relationship to neurological dysfunction.
Magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, provides a way to examine brain anatomy and measure changes in regional volume. Researchers and clinicians can compare the size of affected areas to assess structural differences and follow changes over time. MRI findings support, rather than replace, broader evaluation by helping connect anatomical measurements with diagnosis, disease progression, or treatment assessment.
A typical assessment uses brain imaging to obtain anatomical data, identifies relevant regions, and measures their volume. Researchers or clinicians then examine whether regional changes are present and how they change across evaluations. The resulting measurements can be interpreted in relation to neurological function, a suspected cause, or a study’s goal of monitoring progression or treatment effects.
Longitudinal monitoring is useful when the goal is to evaluate disease progression or determine whether a potential treatment is associated with altered structural change. Repeated imaging allows regional volume measurements from different time points to be compared. This approach can reveal change that a single scan cannot show, making it relevant to both observational research and treatment evaluation.
Measurements of regional brain volume provide a structural outcome that can be related to neuronal injury, cell loss, or reduced synaptic connectivity. In biology research, these data help characterize how disorders affect brain anatomy and support comparisons across causes or time points. They also provide a way to evaluate whether potential treatments influence patterns of tissue change.