Continuous Flow
Continuous Flow - Related Videos
12:43
Parallel-plate Flow Chamber and Continuous Flow Circuit to Evaluate Endothelial Progenitor Cells under Laminar Flow Shear Stress
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Cited by 51 •
2012
We are describing a method to subject adherent cells to laminar flow shear stress in a sterile continuous flow circuit. The cells' adhesion, morphology can be studied through the transparent chamber, samples obtained from the circuit for metabolite analysis and cells harvested after shear exposure for future experiments or culture.
08:29
The Submerged Printing of Cells onto a Modified Surface Using a Continuous Flow Microspotter
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Cited by 2 •
2014
This 3D microfluidic printing technology prints arrays of cells onto submerged surfaces. We describe how arrays of cells are delivered microfluidically in 3D flow cells onto submerged surfaces. By printing onto submerged surfaces, cell microarrays were produced that allow for drug screening and cytotoxicity assessment in a multitude of areas.
07:06
Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid
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Cited by 2 •
2017
Flow chemistry carries environmental and economic advantages by leveraging superior mixing, heat transfer and cost benefits. Herein, we provide a blueprint to transfer chemical processes from batch to flow mode. The reaction of diphenyldiazomethane (DDM) with p-nitrobenzoic acid, conducted in batch and flow, was chosen for proof of concept.
09:56
Real-time Monitoring of Reactions Performed Using Continuous-flow Processing: The Preparation of 3-Acetylcoumarin as an Example
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Cited by 6 •
2015
Real-time monitoring allows for fast optimization of reactions performed using continuous-flow processing. Here the preparation of 3-acetylcoumarin is used as an example. The apparatus for performing in-situ Raman monitoring is described, as are the steps required to optimize the reaction.
10:34
The Fabrication and Operation of a Continuous Flow, Micro-Electroporation System with Permeabilization Detection
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Cited by 4 •
2022
This protocol describes the microfabrication techniques required to build a lab-on-a-chip, microfluidic electroporation device. The experimental setup performs controlled, single-cell-level transfections in a continuous flow and can be extended to higher throughputs with population-based control. An analysis is provided showcasing the ability to electrically monitor the degree of cell membrane permeabilization in real-time.
FAQs
Flow rate and residence time determine how long material remains in the system before exiting. Adjusting these variables changes the opportunity for mixing, reaction, or exchange to occur, while temperature and concentration affect the conditions experienced during transit. Monitoring these parameters helps investigators maintain stable environments and compare biological responses under controlled operating conditions.
Compared with separate-batch handling, Continuous flow maintains ongoing input and output, so conditions can be adjusted while material moves through the system. This arrangement can reduce changes associated with repeatedly starting and stopping a process and supports more consistent exposure to nutrients or reactants. It is useful for examining dynamic behavior and improving reproducibility.
Concentration control determines the amount of nutrient, reactant, or biological material entering the system and influences what leaves it. Because the process continuously removes products and waste while supplying inputs, researchers can study how changing chemical or biological conditions affects transport, mixing, reaction, or exchange. This makes concentration a central variable in interpreting system performance.
A basic workflow begins by setting the input composition and flow rate, then establishing the desired temperature and channel, vessel, or bioreactor conditions. Material is allowed to pass through while outputs are collected or monitored. Researchers can then vary residence time, concentration, or temperature and compare resulting transport, reaction, exchange, growth, or treatment outcomes.
Biological researchers can apply this approach to cell perfusion, microbial cultivation, wastewater treatment, and laboratory assays. In each case, the controlled supply of nutrients or reactants and removal of products or waste can support sustained operation and more reproducible observations. The same framework also helps develop scalable bioprocesses and investigate biological systems that change over time.
Results are interpreted in relation to the operating conditions that produced them, especially flow rate, residence time, temperature, and concentration. These measurements help determine whether the system maintained the intended environment and how efficiently transport, mixing, reaction, or exchange occurred. In biology, the approach can support comparisons among conditions and the study of dynamic system behavior.