Endosperm Isolation
Endosperm Isolation - Related Videos
09:23
Determination of DNA Methylation of Imprinted Genes in Arabidopsis Endosperm
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Cited by 4 •
2011
Imprinting is a phenomenon in plant and mammal reproduction. DNA methylation plays an important role in mechanisms of imprinting. Isolating endosperm and determining methylation status of imprinted genes in Arabidopsis can be difficult. In this protocol, we describe how to isolate endosperm and determine methylation by bisulfite sequencing.
08:52
A Seed Coat Bedding Assay to Genetically Explore In Vitro How the Endosperm Controls Seed Germination in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Cited by 21 •
2013
We present the procedure to assemble a seed coat bedding assay (SCBA) from Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. The SCBA was shown to be a powerful tool to explore genetically and in vitro how the endosperm controls seed germination in dormant seeds and in response to light cues. The SCBA is in principle applicable under any situation where the endosperm is suspected to influence embryonic growth.
06:28
Preparation of Intact Tissue for Microscopic Analysis of the Endosperm Cell Layer in Developing and Mature Arabidopsis Seeds
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2025
This protocol describes the preparation of intact samples of the endosperm cell layer in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. The method requires only common laboratory equipment, such as an injection needle and precision forceps, and enables high-resolution fluorescent live-cell imaging of endosperm cells in both developing and mature seeds.
08:09
Vasodilation of Isolated Vessels and the Isolation of the Extracellular Matrix of Tight-skin Mice
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Cited by 1 •
2017
We describe the isolation of cardiac extracellular matrix from C57Bl/6J control mice, tight-skin mice, and tight-skin mice treated with the IRF5 inhibitory peptide. We also describe the vasodilation studies on the isolated vessels from C57Bl/6J, tight-skin mice and tight-skin mice treated with the IRF5 inhibitory peptide.
07:12
Neutrophil Isolation Protocol
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Cited by 173 •
2008
Neutrophils are among the first cells to arrive on the site of inflammatory immune response, and their functions and mechanisms have been studied extensively in vitro. We demonstrate a standard density gradient separation method to isolate human neutrophils from whole blood using commercially available separation media.
FAQs
Its commonly triploid genome reflects the reproductive events that follow double fertilization in flowering plants. Examining this genome helps researchers investigate ploidy and connect chromosome composition with endosperm development. These analyses can also clarify how reproductive mechanisms influence nutrient allocation and the biological support available to the developing embryo.
Separating endosperm from the embryo and other seed tissues allows researchers to analyze its gene expression as an independent tissue. This is important for studying genomic imprinting, in which gene activity can depend on parental origin, and for examining parent-of-origin effects without treating the whole seed as a single biological sample.
Isolated endosperm provides material for examining seed development and the allocation of nutrients during embryo support. Researchers can also study ploidy, gene expression, genomic imprinting, and parent-of-origin effects in this tissue. Considering these features together helps connect cellular identity with the reproductive and developmental processes shaping flowering-plant seeds.
Intact-seed analysis combines signals from the endosperm, embryo, seed coat, and other tissues. Isolation instead focuses measurements on the endosperm, making it easier to attribute observed patterns to that tissue’s cellular identity, genome, or gene expression. This separation is especially relevant when investigating nutrient allocation or parent-specific effects during development.
A typical workflow begins with developing seeds, opens them, and removes the embryo, seed coat, and other surrounding tissues. The operator then preserves the endosperm for downstream analysis. Careful dissection is central because the value of later measurements depends on retaining the target tissue while separating it from neighboring seed components.
Downstream analyses can reveal features of endosperm development, nutrient allocation, ploidy, and gene expression. Samples can also support investigations of genomic imprinting and parent-of-origin effects. Together, these measurements provide tissue-specific evidence that may be obscured when researchers examine whole seeds containing several biologically distinct tissues.
The method is useful when researchers need to connect endosperm biology with seed quality, yield, or hybrid performance. By examining development, nutrient allocation, gene expression, and parental effects in the isolated tissue, crop studies can clarify reproductive mechanisms and identify biological relationships relevant to improving seed-related traits.