Endothelial Exfoliation
Endothelial Exfoliation - Related Videos
08:54
Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals
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Cited by 3 •
2016
A two dimensional model material of discotic zirconium phosphate was developed. The inorganic crystal with lamellar structure was synthesized by hydrothermal, reflux, and microwave-assisted methods. On exfoliation with organic molecules, layered crystals can be converted to monolayers, and nematic liquid crystal phase was formed at sufficient concentration of monolayers.
12:04
Exfoliation of Egyptian Blue and Han Blue, Two Alkali Earth Copper Silicate-based Pigments
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Cited by 34 •
2014
The preparation and exfoliation of CaCuSi4O10 and BaCuSi4O10 are described. Upon stirring in hot water, CaCuSi4O10 spontaneously exfoliates into monolayers, whereas BaCuSi4O10 requires ultrasonication in organic solvents. Near infrared (NIR) imaging illustrates the NIR emission properties of these materials, and aqueous dispersions of these nanomaterials are useful for solution processing.
10:41
Preparation of Liquid-exfoliated Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets with Controlled Size and Thickness: A State of the Art Protocol
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Cited by 38 •
2016
A protocol for the liquid exfoliation of layered materials to nanosheets, their size selection and size measurement by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques is presented.
10:18
Exfoliation and Analysis of Large-area, Air-Sensitive Two-Dimensional Materials
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Cited by 8 •
2019
A method for exfoliating large thin flakes of air sensitive two-dimensional materials and safely transporting them for analysis outside of a glovebox is presented.
11:04
Isolation of Valvular Endothelial Cells
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Cited by 82 •
2010
We provide a method for isolating and culturing pure populations of heart valve endothelial cells (VEC). VEC can be isolated from either side of the cusp or leaflet and immediately following, underlying interstitial cell (VIC) isolation is straightforward.
FAQs
A key change is weakening of two adhesion relationships: attachment to the basement membrane and contact with neighboring endothelial cells. Inflammatory, mechanical, toxic, or ischemic stress can disrupt these relationships, allowing cells or fragments to separate from the vessel lining. This adhesion-centered view connects exfoliation with loss of vessel-wall integrity rather than treating detached material as an isolated finding.
Inflammatory, mechanical, toxic, and ischemic conditions represent different biological contexts for the same observable outcome: endothelial detachment. The process should therefore be interpreted as a response to vascular stress, not as evidence of one exclusive cause. Identifying the stress context matters when comparing samples, evaluating vascular injury, or considering whether abnormal endothelial turnover contributes to the findings.
Once detached material enters the circulation, it becomes accessible as a measurable indicator beyond the vessel wall itself. Circulating endothelial cells can provide evidence of endothelial injury or abnormal turnover, although their presence does not identify the precise initiating stress. In biology and medicine, this distinction supports using them as markers alongside the relevant disease or treatment context.
Measurements of detached endothelial cells can help assess endothelial dysfunction, vascular damage, and thrombosis risk. They may also show how the vascular lining responds to disease or treatment. Their value comes from linking a measurable circulating signal to vessel-wall integrity, although interpretation should remain tied to biological context because several types of stress can produce exfoliation.
Endothelial exfoliation offers a way to examine how loss of lining integrity relates to thrombosis risk. Measuring circulating endothelial cells can indicate that vascular damage or abnormal endothelial turnover is occurring, which may be relevant when studying thrombotic disease. The measurement is an indicator of vascular disturbance, not a standalone explanation of why thrombosis risk has changed.
In experimental biology, the process provides a model for investigating vessel-wall integrity and vascular repair. Researchers can examine how endothelial detachment reflects damage to the lining and use that signal when considering repair mechanisms. This makes exfoliation relevant not only as a clinical marker, but also as a framework for connecting cellular behavior with maintenance of the vessel wall.
Comparing measurements before and after treatment can help indicate how the endothelium responds to an intervention, provided the biological context is considered. A change in circulating endothelial cells may reflect altered vascular damage or turnover, but the available information does not support assigning a specific direction or mechanism to that change without additional evidence.