Episome Integration
Episome Integration - Related Videos
10:52
Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Frozen Buffy Coats using Non-integrating Episomal Plasmids
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Cited by 26 •
2015
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a source of patient-specific tissues for clinical applications and basic research. Here, we present a detailed protocol to reprogram human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) obtained from frozen buffy coats into viral-free iPSCs using non-integrating episomal plasmids.
09:45
Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors
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Cited by 17 •
2017
This protocol describes a detailed method for efficient generation of integration-free iPSCs from human adult peripheral blood cells. With the use of four oriP/EBNA-based episomal vectors to express the reprogramming factors, KLF4, MYC, BCL-XL, or OCT4 and SOX2, thousands of iPSC colonies can be obtained from 1 mL of peripheral blood.
09:56
Epigenetic Engineering of K562 Cells: Dual-Vector Episomal Strategy for Stable Targeted DNA Methylation using dCas9-DNMT3A and -HDAC1 Fusion Proteins
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2025
This protocol describes a non-integrative, episomal CRISPR/dCas9-based system for targeted epigenetic editing in K562 cells, combining dCas9-DNMT3A and dCas9-HDAC1 effectors with specific sgRNAs to induce locus-specific DNA methylation with precision and reduced off-target effects.
08:36
Generation of Integration-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Hair-derived Keratinocytes
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Cited by 12 •
2015
This manuscript provides a step-by-step procedure for the derivation and maintenance of human keratinocytes from plucked hair and subsequent generation of integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by episomal vectors.
08:14
Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors
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Cited by 18 •
2014
Here we describe a protocol for generating human induced pluripotent stem cells from peripheral blood using an episome based reprogramming strategy and histone deacetylase inhibitors.
FAQs
These recombination processes provide routes for joining episomal DNA to a host chromosome. Homologous recombination uses matching DNA sequence relationships, whereas nonhomologous recombination joins DNA without the same matching requirement. In either case, the key consequence is conversion of independently replicating genetic material into a chromosomal insertion that can persist as part of the genome.
An episome can replicate independently while remaining separate from the chromosome, so its presence may be temporary. Once incorporated into chromosomal DNA, the inserted sequence becomes part of the host genome. Chromosomal incorporation therefore supports stable transmission of introduced genes and makes the genetic change heritable rather than merely transient.
Integration can alter gene expression because inserting new DNA into a chromosome changes the genomic context of both the introduced sequence and nearby host material. It can also contribute to changes in genome stability, making the process relevant to studies of how mobile genetic elements and foreign DNA influence the organization and regulation of host genomes.
Viral infection provides an important biological context because viral genetic material may become associated with host chromosomal DNA. Examining this relationship helps connect episome integration with host genome changes, gene regulation, and genome stability. The process therefore offers a framework for understanding how infection can produce persistent genetic effects in host cells.
The distinction centers on whether the introduced DNA remains independent or becomes incorporated into chromosomal material. Independent episomal DNA represents transient genetic material, while chromosomal incorporation indicates a heritable insertion. This comparison helps researchers evaluate whether introduced genes are likely to persist through cell transmission and whether genomic changes may result.
Integration is relevant because it can convert introduced genetic material into a stable genomic insertion. That change supports persistent transmission of introduced genes rather than relying only on an independently replicating episome. Consequently, studying the process helps researchers understand the genetic basis of durable gene delivery and the possible effects on host gene regulation and genome stability.