Fluorescent Particles
Fluorescent Particles - Related Videos
03:51
Fluorescent Functionalization of Virus-Like Particles via Disulfide Re-bridging
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2026
Source: Chen, Z., et al. Making Conjugation-induced Fluorescent PEGylated Virus-like Particles by Dibromomaleimide-disulfide Chemistry. J. Vis. Exp. (2018)This video demonstrates the fluorescent functionalization of virus-like particles by re-bridging reduced disulfides with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker, producing stable, trackable conjugates suitable for cellular imaging and targeted delivery in biomedical applications.
02:56
Fluorescence-Based Sorting of Individual Virus Particles for Genomic Analysis
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2026
Source: Zeigler Allen, L., et al. Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'. J. Vis. Exp. (2013).This video demonstrates how flow cytometry enables the isolation of individual, genome-containing viruses from mixed populations through fluorescence-based detection and precise particle sorting, followed by agarose embedding for subsequent genomic characterization.
05:51
Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain
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Cited by 18 •
2016
Here, we describe a simple method of intracerebroventricular and intravascular injection of viral particles or fluorescent microbeads into the neonatal mouse brain. The localization pattern of the virus and nanoparticles could be detected by microscopic evaluation or by in situ hybridization.
10:18
Making Conjugation-induced Fluorescent PEGylated Virus-like Particles by Dibromomaleimide-disulfide Chemistry
0 Views •
Cited by 12 •
2018
Here, we present a procedure to fluorescently functionalize the disulfides on Qβ VLP with dibromomaleimide. We describe Qβ expression and purification, the synthesis of dibromomaleimide-functionalized molecules, and the conjugation reaction between dibromomaleimide and Qβ. The resulting yellow fluorescent conjugated particle can be used as a fluorescence probe inside cells.
04:34
Measuring Microglial Uptake of Intravitreally-Delivered Fluorescent Particles Using Flow Cytometry
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2025
This video demonstrates flow cytometry for measuring microglial uptake of fluorescent bioparticles after intravitreal delivery in a mouse eye. Flow cytometry detects live cells expressing CD11b and distinguishes phagocytic microglia cells exhibiting green fluorescence from other myeloid cells, including Ly6C-expressing monocytes and Ly6G-expressing neutrophils.
FAQs
Excitation determines the energy available for fluorescence and therefore influences the emitted wavelength. After absorbing shorter-wavelength light, the fluorescent molecules reach a higher-energy state and release only part of that energy as light. The remaining energy difference produces longer-wavelength emission, allowing researchers to distinguish the signal from the illuminating light during optical measurements.
Particle size, composition, and surface chemistry can each change performance, but they do so in different ways. Size and composition influence brightness and stability, whereas surface chemistry also affects how particles interact with cells or biomolecules. Considering these variables together helps researchers select particles that produce usable signals while maintaining appropriate biological interactions.
Tunable optical properties make it possible to distinguish signals from different particle types or labels in one assay. That capability supports multiplexed experiments, where several biological targets can be examined together. The same optical flexibility also strengthens quantitative imaging by giving researchers more than a single fixed signal for analyzing labeled biological material.
Researchers first associate the particles with a selected recognition or probe component, such as an antibody or nucleic acid probe, or with a cell surface. They then expose the labeled biological material to fluorescence-based measurement, commonly microscopy or flow cytometry. The resulting signal can reveal target location, particle transport, cellular uptake, or changes in a monitored process.
Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry provide complementary ways to measure particle-associated signals. Microscopy can be used to visualize labeled targets and follow transport or cellular processes, whereas flow cytometry can support measurements involving labeled cells and uptake. Selecting one of these readouts determines how the biological signal is observed and evaluated.
Antibodies, nucleic acid probes, and cell surfaces are all supported attachment points for fluorescent particles in biological studies. Using these components lets researchers connect the optical signal with a target or cellular boundary, then visualize targets, trace transport, measure uptake, or monitor cellular processes. The appropriate attachment route depends on which biological feature the experiment is designed to follow.
Better biocompatibility and signal control make fluorescent particles more suitable for demanding biological settings. These improvements broaden their use in diagnostics and live-cell studies, where researchers need to observe biological material while preserving useful fluorescence measurements. In this context, particle design affects not only optical performance but also the range of experiments that can be performed.