Integrin Activation
Integrin Activation - Related Videos
01:15
Activation of Integrins
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2023
Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling." In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.
01:10
Integrins
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2023
Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM. Some ECM proteins assemble into a basement membrane to which the remaining components adhere. Proteoglycans typically form the bulk of the ECM while fibrous proteins, like collagen,...
09:14
Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes
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Cited by 21 •
2014
Static adhesion assay is a powerful tool that can be used to model the interactions between T lymphocytes and other cell types. Interactions are generated by injecting labeled T cells into wells coated with adhesion molecules, while a plate reader is used to quantify the number of adherent cells following serial washes.
03:58
Purification and Activation of Platelets from Murine Whole Blood
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2025
In this video, we describe a protocol for purifying platelets from murine whole blood and their subsequent activation with the platelet agonist thrombin. When analyzed with flow cytometry, the purified resting platelets are characterized based on the expression of their cell-surface marker CD41, whereas purified activated platelets co-express both the surface markers CD41 and CD62P.
04:15
A Flow Cytometry-Based High-Throughput Technique for Screening Integrin-Inhibitory Drugs
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2024
This protocol describes a flow cytometry-based, high-throughput screening method to identify small-molecule drugs that inhibit β2 integrin activation on human neutrophils.
FAQs
Talin and kindlin bind to integrin cytoplasmic tails during inside-out signaling. Their coordinated interaction promotes separation of the receptor subunits and stabilizes an extended integrin conformation. This structural transition increases the receptor’s ability to bind extracellular ligands, linking intracellular signaling events to stronger cell attachment and responsiveness to the extracellular matrix.
Inside-out signaling begins with intracellular proteins acting on integrin cytoplasmic tails to regulate receptor conformation and ligand-binding capacity. Outside-in signaling starts after extracellular ligand engagement, which can promote integrin clustering and cytoskeletal remodeling. Together, these directions create a reciprocal system in which intracellular signals regulate adhesion and adhesion feeds back into cell behavior.
Integrin conformation determines how effectively the receptor interacts with extracellular ligands. Talin- and kindlin-associated changes promote separation of integrin subunits and stabilize an extended state linked to higher ligand affinity. This structural regulation allows cells to adjust attachment according to signaling conditions rather than maintaining a fixed adhesive state.
Ligand engagement can initiate outside-in signaling, causing integrins to cluster and influence cytoskeletal remodeling. These changes help connect extracellular attachment to alterations in cell structure and behavior. Through this coupling, integrin activation contributes not only to adhesion but also to processes in which cells reorganize, move, or respond mechanically to their surroundings.
By regulating attachment to the extracellular matrix and transmitting signals from the cell surface, integrin activation helps coordinate cell movement. In immune cells, this signaling is relevant to trafficking, while in other cells it supports migration through changing adhesive interactions and cytoskeletal organization. Its effects therefore extend beyond simple physical attachment.
Dysregulated integrin signaling can disturb the balance between cell attachment, movement, and environmental responses. The overview links abnormal activity to inflammation, thrombosis, and cancer progression, as well as other diseases. These associations reflect the broad importance of integrin-controlled adhesion, cytoskeletal remodeling, tissue organization, and mechanotransduction in normal biology.