Non-coding Dna
Non-coding Dna - Related Videos
02:39
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs
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2020
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
11:35
Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay (DAPA)
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Cited by 15 •
2016
We present a strategic plan and protocol for identifying non-coding genetic variants affecting transcription factor (TF) DNA binding. A detailed experimental protocol is provided for electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and DNA affinity precipitation assay (DAPA) analysis of genotype-dependent TF DNA binding.
10:59
New Methods to Study Gustatory Coding
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Cited by 1 •
2017
We present three new methods to study gustatory coding. Using a simple animal, the moth Manduca sexta (Manduca), we describe a dissection protocol, the use of extracellular tetrodes to record the activity of multiple gustatory receptor neurons, and a system for delivering and monitoring precisely timed pulses of tastants.
09:40
Identification of Coding and Non-coding RNA Classes Expressed in Swine Whole Blood
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2018
Here, we present a protocol optimized for the processing of coding (mRNA) and non-coding (ncRNA) globin reduced RNA-seq libraries from a single whole blood sample.
03:06
From DNA to Protein
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2020
The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
FAQs
These regulatory regions influence transcription by recruiting transcription factors and chromatin-modifying proteins. Promoters help control transcription near genes, whereas enhancers and silencers can increase or reduce regulatory activity. Insulators help organize regulatory boundaries within the genome. Together, their effects on chromatin accessibility allow cells to activate different gene programs and maintain distinct identities.
Chromatin accessibility determines whether regulatory sequences can interact with transcription factors and associated proteins. More accessible regions can support regulatory activity, while less accessible chromatin can restrict access to DNA. This relationship connects non-coding sequences with changes in transcription, making chromatin state important for understanding how cells respond to developmental cues and environmental signals.
Some non-coding regions produce functional non-coding RNAs rather than protein-coding transcripts. These RNAs can contribute to gene regulation and RNA processing, adding regulatory layers beyond transcription initiation. Examining their effects helps explain how genomic sequences influence cell behavior even when they do not provide instructions for synthesizing a protein.
Structural non-coding regions support the physical organization and maintenance of chromosomes. Telomeres and centromeres are associated with chromosome stability, while the broader effects of non-coding DNA also connect to replication and genome organization. Investigating these regions helps clarify how chromosomes remain properly structured as genetic material is maintained and transmitted.
Patterns of non-coding regulation help determine which genes are active in particular cells and developmental states. Changes in transcription, RNA processing, or chromatin accessibility can therefore alter cellular programs without changing protein-coding instructions. Studying these sequences provides biological context for how cells acquire specialized identities and respond to developmental signals.
Mutations in non-coding regions can influence gene regulation, chromatin accessibility, RNA processing, or chromosome stability, even when they do not alter a protein sequence. Linking such variation to cellular effects can improve interpretation of disease-associated mutations. This makes non-coding DNA relevant to genomics and to precision-medicine approaches that seek biologically meaningful genetic differences.