Prokaryotic Dna Repair
Prokaryotic Dna Repair - Related Videos
02:25
Overview of DNA Repair
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2020
In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage. Chemically...
00:46
Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes
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2025
The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance. Genomic Diversity in Bacteria Although bacterial genomes are much...
01:32
Prokaryotic DNA Replication
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2025
DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules. Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome Replication is coordinated and carried out by a host of specialized...
10:59
Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair
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Cited by 2 •
2017
Here, the study of different DNA lesion recognition approaches via single molecule AFM imaging is demonstrated with the nucleotide excision repair system as an example. The procedures of DNA and protein sample preparations and experimental as well as analytical details for the AFM experiments are described.
05:42
Immunofluorescence-Based Visualization of DNA Repair Protein Interactions
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2025
In this video, we describe the immunofluorescence method to visualize the localization of the DNA repair proteins γH2AX and 53BP1 at the sites of double-strand DNA breaks in irradiated cell nuclei.
FAQs
Altered bases are detected as abnormal features within the DNA sequence, after which the affected region can be removed and replaced through DNA synthesis and ligation. This strategy restores the original sequence rather than merely tolerating the lesion. Its effectiveness helps preserve genome information when environmental or cellular conditions chemically modify individual bases.
Copying errors and damaged bases represent different problems, so repair systems must recognize their distinct molecular patterns. Mismatches arise when replication produces incorrectly paired sequence information, whereas altered bases reflect chemical changes to existing DNA. Separating these categories allows correction or replacement to target the appropriate region and reduces the persistence of sequence errors.
A stalled replication structure signals that ordinary copying cannot proceed normally. The cell may remove the damaged region, bypass it, or use another route to restore continuity, depending on the lesion and available repair response. If damage becomes extensive, the bacterial SOS response can induce specialized repair genes, linking immediate survival with broader changes in repair capacity.
Homologous recombination provides a way to restore information at a DNA strand break by using a matching sequence as a template. The undamaged homologous information guides DNA synthesis and reconstruction of the interrupted region. This mechanism is especially relevant when a simple replacement reaction cannot reliably recover sequence information lost at a break.
A typical conceptual workflow begins by identifying the damage or copying error, determining how the affected region is recognized, and examining whether removal, bypass, DNA synthesis, ligation, or homologous recombination follows. Investigators then evaluate the resulting sequence restoration or continued damage response. This framework compares repair pathways without assuming that every lesion uses the same route.
Repair pathways are relevant to antimicrobial research because they influence how microorganisms maintain genomes during exposure to DNA-damaging agents, creating potential targets for intervention. In molecular biology, the same principles provide tools for understanding sequence restoration and genome manipulation. Studying these systems also connects repair capacity with survival under environmental stress and the development of resistance.