Proton Pumps
Proton Pumps - Related Videos
01:13
Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Proton Pump Inhibitors
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2024
Peptic ulcers, often induced by H. pylori infections or NSAID usage, arise from disruptions in the delicate balance of gastric acid production. Peptic ulcers stem from heightened gastric acid levels due to H. pylori infections or NSAID use. The protective mucus layer diminishes in the presence of these factors, allowing gastric acid to erode the stomach lining and form ulcers. Gastric acid, a potent cocktail of hydrogen and chloride ions, is produced in specialized parietal cells within the...
12:15
Single Liposome Measurements for the Study of Proton-Pumping Membrane Enzymes Using Electrochemistry and Fluorescent Microscopy
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Cited by 4 •
2019
Here, we present a protocol to study the molecular mechanism of proton translocation across lipid membranes of single liposomes, using cytochrome bo3 as an example. Combining electrochemistry and fluorescence microscopy, pH changes in the lumen of single vesicles, containing single or multiple enzyme, can be detected and analyzed individually.
09:40
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
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2023
Source: Laboratories of Margaret Workman and Kimberly Frye - Depaul University The United States consumes a large amount of energy – the current rate is around 97.5 quadrillion BTUs annually. The vast majority (90%) of this energy comes from non-renewable fuel sources. This energy is used for electricity (39%), transportation (28%), industry (22%), and residential/commercial use (11%). As the world has a limited supply of these non-renewable sources, the United States (among others) is...
13:40
In vitro Investigation of the MexAB Efflux Pump From Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Cited by 11 •
2014
We present a protocol for the in vitro investigation of efflux pumps from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This protocol allows for the generation of a robust, reversible, and tunable proton gradient within the liposome membrane and hence should be adaptable to any membrane protein energized by the protomotive force.
01:30
ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps
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2023
V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient. The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
FAQs
Proton pumps can be powered by ATP hydrolysis or electron-transfer reactions. In either case, the released energy enables hydrogen ions to move against their concentration gradient rather than simply diffuse. This establishes both a pH difference and an electrical-charge difference across the membrane. Together, these gradients provide stored energy for ATP synthesis and nutrient transport.
The transported protons produce an electrochemical gradient with two linked components: a difference in proton concentration and a difference in electrical charge across the membrane. This combined gradient gives cells a versatile energy source. Its effects extend beyond pH control because it can drive ATP synthesis, nutrient transport, and other membrane-dependent cellular processes.
In mitochondria and bacteria, proton-pump activity supports energy production by establishing gradients that can contribute to ATP synthesis. Although these organisms differ in cellular organization, both rely on membrane-based proton movement to create usable electrochemical energy. This makes proton pumps relevant to biological energy conversion across distinct forms of life.
Proton pumps help acidify lysosomes, creating the acidic conditions associated with their cellular role in digestion. Their activity therefore links membrane transport to the internal chemical environment of an organelle. Changes in proton movement can influence lysosomal acidity and, consequently, the conditions under which digestion-related processes occur inside cells.
By establishing an electrochemical gradient, proton pumps create conditions that can drive nutrient transport across membranes. The same proton-related changes in pH and electrical charge also influence cellular signaling. Proton-pump activity therefore connects energy-dependent membrane transport with broader regulation of cellular behavior, rather than serving only as a mechanism for acidification.
Proton pumps influence digestion by contributing to acidic cellular or tissue environments, while their broader activity helps regulate cellular and tissue pH. They are also relevant to drugs that target acid secretion. These connections make proton pumps important in both normal biological regulation and the study of interventions affecting acidity.