Short Patch Ber
Short Patch Ber - Related Videos
01:02
Long-patch Base Excision Repair
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2020
Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are: Lesion type: Depending on the type of base damage, a specific DNA glycosylase - mono or bifunctional, is recruited to the damaged site. While the sequential action of a monofunctional glycosylase favors long patch repair...
09:43
Patch Clamp Electrophysiology
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2023
Neuron cell membranes are populated with ion channels that control the movement of charge into and out of the cell, thereby regulating neuron firing. One extremely useful technique for investigating the biophysical properties of these channels is called patch clamp recording. In this method, neuroscientists place a polished glass micropipette against a cell and apply suction to form a high resistance seal. This process isolates a small “patch” of membrane that contains one or more ion channels.
01:14
Short run
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2024
The short run is defined not by a fixed timeframe, but by the condition in which at least one input in the production process remains fixed. The input whose quantity cannot be changed is called the fixed input. The input whose quantity can be changed is called the variable input. When all inputs can be changed, the time frame becomes the long run. Typically, the fixed input is capital, such as machinery or the physical size of a production facility, which cannot be easily or quickly changed. In...
06:04
Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava
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Cited by 16 •
2017
We have established a model of pericardial patch angioplasty that can be used in either small-diameter veins or arteries. This model can be used to compare venous and arterial neointimal hyperplasia formation.
11:01
A Computer-assisted Multi-electrode Patch-clamp System
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Cited by 49 •
2013
Multi-electrode patch-clamp recordings constitute a complex task. Here we show how, by automating of many of the experimental steps, it is possible to accelerate the process leading to qualitative improvement in performance and number of recordings.
FAQs
The pathway depends on sequential handoffs between enzymes. Glycosylase activity first exposes an abasic site, which provides the substrate for backbone incision by an apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease. DNA polymerase can then restore one nucleotide, and DNA ligase closes the nick. This order converts base damage into a finished repair without leaving an unresolved intermediate.
Its defining operational distinction is the limited size of the replacement step. After damage removal and backbone processing, DNA polymerase inserts a single nucleotide rather than replacing an extended stretch. That focused correction preserves more of the surrounding DNA sequence, making the pathway suited to individual bases that do not substantially distort the DNA helix.
An abasic site links damaged-base recognition to DNA backbone repair. Once the glycosylase removes the abnormal base, the site remains as a defined position that the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease can recognize and cut. This incision creates the structure needed for nucleotide insertion and subsequent nick sealing, allowing the original lesion to be fully resolved.
Research commonly examines oxidative, alkylation, and deamination damage because these lesions can affect individual bases without producing an extended helix distortion. Their persistence can threaten accurate genetic information, so following how the pathway removes and replaces the affected nucleotide helps investigators connect lesion processing with mutation prevention and genome stability.
A useful analysis follows the pathway from damaged-base removal through backbone incision, single-nucleotide insertion, and ligation of the remaining nick. Examining these linked stages distinguishes the contribution of each repair activity and shows whether processing proceeds to completion. The sequence also provides a framework for interpreting how cells restore DNA after specific forms of base damage.
Studying this pathway provides a focused view of genome maintenance at the level of individual damaged bases. It can support investigations of disease mechanisms and cellular responses to DNA-damaging agents, while also clarifying how repair failure or incomplete processing could affect genome stability. Thus, the pathway connects molecular repair events with broader biological consequences.