Surfactant Deficiency
Surfactant Deficiency - Related Videos
09:34
Extraction and Characterization of Surfactants from Atmospheric Aerosols
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Cited by 26 •
2017
Methods are presented for the targeted extraction of surfactants present in atmospheric aerosols and the determination of their absolute concentrations and surface tension curves in water, including their Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC).
07:20
Lavage-induced Surfactant Depletion in Pigs As a Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
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Cited by 21 •
2016
Repeated pulmonary lavages in anesthetized pigs induce lung injury resembling major aspects of human acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). For this purpose the lungs are repeatedly lavaged with 0.9% saline at 37 °C. The goal of the protocol is a reproducible mitigation of gas exchange and hemodynamics for research in ARDS.
10:28
Experimental Measurement of Settling Velocity of Spherical Particles in Unconfined and Confined Surfactant-based Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluids
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Cited by 15 •
2014
This paper demonstrates the experimental procedure to measure terminal settling velocities of spherical particles in surfactant-based shear thinning viscoelastic fluids. Fluids over a wide range of rheological properties are prepared and settling velocities are measured for a range of particle sizes in unbounded fluids and fluids between parallel walls.
01:25
Capital Deficiency in Liquidation: II
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2026
A capital deficiency occurs when a partner's capital account has a debit balance during partnership liquidation. It may result from operating losses, excessive drawings, or losses from the sale of partnership assets. During liquidation, noncash assets are sold, liabilities are paid, gains or losses are allocated to the partners, and the remaining cash is distributed based on the partners' capital balances.Example: Ace Company decides to liquidate because it is nearing bankruptcy. Noncash assets...
01:30
No Capital Deficiency in Liquidation
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2026
In accounting, liquidation without capital deficiency is a structured process that enables a partnership to dissolve equitably when partners possess sufficient capital to cover all liabilities and allocated losses. This condition ensures that no partner is required to contribute additional funds to the partnership, streamlining the dissolution procedure.The liquidation process begins with conversion of noncash assets into cash. When these assets are sold, any difference between the sale price...
FAQs
Reduced surfactant activity allows surface tension at the alveolar air-liquid interface to rise, particularly as the alveoli become smaller during exhalation. The resulting instability can promote alveolar collapse, meaning less functional surface remains available for gas exchange. Breathing therefore becomes more difficult because maintaining open alveoli requires greater mechanical effort.
Pulmonary surfactant depends on both phospholipids and specialized proteins, which are produced as part of the alveolar type II cell system. The phospholipid component provides surface-active material, while the associated proteins contribute to the material’s function at the alveolar lining. A reduction in production or impaired function can therefore disrupt alveolar stabilization.
Premature infants are especially vulnerable because pulmonary development may not yet support adequate production of the surfactant material needed to stabilize alveoli. If alveoli collapse during exhalation, gas exchange can become impaired and respiratory distress may result. This developmental context makes surfactant deficiency an important concern in neonatal biology and care.
Exogenous surfactant provides replacement surface-active material when the lungs do not contain enough functional surfactant. The therapy is relevant to neonatal care and can also inform treatment research for selected lung disorders. Its intended biological effect is to support alveolar stability, reduce the consequences of collapse, and help preserve conditions needed for gas exchange.
Surfactant deficiency is important in neonatal care, particularly when premature infants develop respiratory distress, and in the study of some lung disorders. It also provides a framework for investigating how pulmonary surfactant is produced, how its function changes after injury, and how replacement strategies might support lung performance when endogenous material is inadequate.
Studies can examine whether reduced surfactant production or function is associated with alveolar collapse, impaired gas exchange, and respiratory distress. Researchers may also evaluate how exogenous replacement affects alveolar stability and breathing-related workload. In biology, these outcomes connect cellular activity in alveolar type II cells with pulmonary development, lung injury, and respiratory function.