Surgical Blockade
Surgical Blockade - Related Videos
08:50
Deep Neuromuscular Blockade Leads to a Larger Intraabdominal Volume During Laparoscopy
0 Views •
Cited by 49 •
2013
This article presents a method for measuring the working abdominal volume during laproscopic myomectomy using the surgical grasper, and applies this technique to obtain pilot data on whether deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) can enable the use of lower insufflation pressure. Reduced insufflation pressure during laproscopic surgery has been shown to reduce post-operative pain, and thus the use of NMB during surgery may enable improved patient outcomes.
01:29
Neuromuscular Junction And Blockade
0 Views •
2025
The site of chemical communication between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber is called the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). The end of the motor neuron at the NMJ divides into a cluster of synaptic end bulbs. The cytoplasm of these bulbs consists of synaptic vesicles enclosing acetylcholine molecules, the principal neurotransmitter released at the NMJ. The region opposite the synaptic bulb that ends in the muscle fiber is called the motor end plate, which has acetylcholine receptors. Within the...
11:55
Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade
0 Views •
Cited by 9 •
2011
This paper describes a simple technique to induce alloantigen-specific anergy in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The technique can be applied clinically to generate non-alloreactive donor cells. Infusion of these cells could improve immune reconstitution and reduce toxicity after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
11:49
Surgical Induction of Endolymphatic Hydrops by Obliteration of the Endolymphatic Duct
0 Views •
Cited by 12 •
2010
This video shows how to surgically obstruct the guinea pig's endolymphatic duct to produce endolymphatic hydrops.
01:32
Pig Surgical Preparation and Postoperative Care
0 Views •
2026
All animal procedures described here must be conducted in accordance with institutional animal ethics guidelines and approved by IACUC. All procedures must follow the principles of the 3Rs—Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement—and must be performed by trained personnel. Surgical Preparation and Physiological Monitoring This video provides an introductory overview of surgical preparation, intraoperative monitoring, and postoperative care in swine. It is intended to familiarize learners with key...
FAQs
The intervention creates a contrast between normal function and a condition in which a selected anatomical connection no longer operates normally. Investigators can then compare physiological responses, developmental events, disease processes, or behavior between blocked and control conditions. When the outcome changes after the blockade, the affected structure becomes a plausible contributor to that biological function.
These approaches disrupt anatomy in different ways. Ligation or occlusion can stop flow through a vessel or duct, whereas transection interrupts continuity along a structure such as a neural pathway. Excision removes a portion or structure, producing anatomical isolation. Selecting among them depends on whether the study targets transport, communication, signaling, or the function of the structure itself.
A blocked structure may participate in several connected functions, so the observed response can reflect disrupted transport, secretion, sensation, reproduction, or signaling. Researchers therefore interpret the result in relation to the structure’s anatomical connections and the biological response being measured. This linkage helps distinguish a local effect from a broader consequence of isolating an interconnected system.
Control conditions provide the reference needed to determine whether a response is associated with the intervention rather than ordinary biological variation. Comparing blocked and control conditions allows investigators to evaluate changes in physiology, development, disease-related processes, or behavior. Without that comparison, an observed outcome cannot be linked as confidently to interruption of the selected structure or pathway.
A study generally identifies the tissue, organ, vessel, duct, or neural pathway whose role is being tested, applies an intervention that interrupts its function, and compares the result with an appropriate control condition. Investigators then examine the relevant physiological, developmental, disease-related, or behavioral response. The workflow connects a defined anatomical interruption with a measurable biological outcome.
This approach is useful when researchers need to determine how connected structures regulate transport, sensation, secretion, reproduction, or behavior. It can also clarify developmental events and disease processes in animal models. By physically interrupting a selected route or structure and examining the resulting response, investigators can test whether that component contributes to a larger biological system.