When the trachealis muscle contracts, it draws the free ends of the incomplete cartilage rings closer together, reducing the diameter of the tracheal lumen. Relaxation allows the posterior wall to widen again. This reversible adjustment helps the airway respond to changing demands during breathing and coughing without eliminating the support provided by the cartilage.
The open posterior portion creates a flexible boundary rather than a rigid cartilage wall. This arrangement maintains structural support around most of the airway while leaving room for the esophagus behind the trachea to expand during swallowing. The fibrous membrane and trachealis muscle therefore connect airway stability with the neighboring digestive function.
The membrane provides a flexible connective-tissue framework between the cartilage ends, while the trachealis muscle supplies active control of that framework. Together, they balance two requirements: preserving an open respiratory passage and permitting changes in lumen size. This combination demonstrates how passive support and contractile regulation can operate within one airway wall.
Coughing requires the tracheal passage to participate in a controlled change in caliber rather than remain completely fixed. Movement of the trachealis muscle alters the space bounded by the posterior membrane and cartilage rings. In biology, this illustrates how airway tissues can modify their geometry during a protective respiratory action while retaining overall structural continuity.
Anatomically, examine the posterior wall between the free ends of the tracheal cartilage rings. The relevant region is the flexible connective-tissue area associated with the trachealis muscle, not the continuous anterior and lateral cartilage. Identifying this relationship helps distinguish the membrane from the supporting rings and clarifies why the posterior wall has different mechanical properties.
This structure demonstrates functional integration: connective tissue supplies flexible structural organization, cartilage supports airway patency, and smooth muscle provides adjustable control. Its posterior position also shows how one anatomical arrangement can accommodate respiratory and swallowing requirements simultaneously. Studying it helps connect tissue composition with organ-level function in biology and anatomy.