Virion Labeling
Virion Labeling - Related Videos
05:53
Recombinant Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) Virion Preparation: A Technique to Produce High-titer Recombinant MCPyV Virion
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2023
In this video, we show the preparation of Merkel cell polyomavirus or MCPyV virions using 273TT cells. This technology helps to produce high-titer of the recombinant MCPyV virions.
03:15
Separation and Enrichment of Extracellular Vesicles in the Presence of Virions
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2026
Source: DeMarino, C., et al. Purification of High Yield Extracellular Vesicle Preparations Away from Virus. J. Vis. Exp. (2019)The video demonstrates the separation of EVs from virions and other contaminants by density gradient centrifugation, followed by capture and concentration with hydrogel nanoparticles. Washed fractions are then ready for downstream identification of those enriched in EVs.
06:28
Flow Virometry to Analyze Antigenic Spectra of Virions and Extracellular Vesicles
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Cited by 9 •
2017
Viruses or extracellular vesicles were immunocaptured with 15 nm magnetic nanoparticles coupled to antibodies recognizing surface antigens. The captured virions or vesicles were labeled with fluorescent antibodies against other surface antigens. The resultant complexes were separated in high magnetic field and analyzed with conventional flow cytometers triggered on fluorescence.
08:31
Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'
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Cited by 2 •
2013
Single Virus Genomics (SVG) is a method to isolate and amplify the genomes of single virons. Viral suspensions of a mixed assemblage are sorted using flow cytometry onto a microscope slide with discrete wells containing agarose, thereby capturing the virion and reducing genome shearing during downstream processing. Whole genome amplification is achieved using multiple displacement amplification (MDA) resulting in genomic material that is suitable for sequencing.
01:25
Inhibitors Of Virion Release
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2026
Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
FAQs
Signal placement determines which particle features remain visible during analysis. A probe or antibody attached to a capsid or envelope can mark the particle externally, whereas chemically modified viral proteins or nucleic acids can report components incorporated during particle production. This distinction helps researchers relate detected signals to attachment, entry, trafficking, or interactions with host tissues.
Binding-based approaches attach fluorescent probes, antibodies, or other detectable markers to existing capsid or envelope structures. Incorporation-based approaches introduce chemically modified viral proteins or nucleic acids as particles are produced. The two strategies therefore report different particle features, allowing experimental designs to focus on surface interactions or internal viral components.
A label associated with a complete virion allows the detected signal to be interpreted alongside particle behavior. Researchers can examine where particles attach, whether they enter cells, how they move intracellularly, and how they interact with tissues. This connection is important because signal distribution can then be related to viral life-cycle events and infectivity.
A typical workflow selects a detectable marker, associates it with capsid or envelope structures or incorporates it into viral proteins or nucleic acids during particle production, and then exposes the labeled particles to the biological system of interest. Microscopy or another detection method can subsequently track attachment, entry, trafficking, tissue interactions, or distribution.
The detection approach should match the information required from the experiment. Microscopy is suited to observing particle location and movement during attachment, entry, and intracellular trafficking, while other detection methods can support identification or quantification of labeled virions. The selected method should preserve the link between the detectable marker and the biological outcome being examined.
This approach is useful when researchers need to connect viral particles with specific stages of infection or distribution. Applications include studying viral life cycles, host-pathogen interactions, antiviral strategies, and virus-based delivery systems. By making particle behavior detectable, labeling supports analysis of how virions reach, enter, and interact with cells or host tissues.