Degraded Forensic Remains
Degraded Forensic Remains - Related Videos
07:56
Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
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Cited by 13 •
2018
Bone mineral density (BMD) is an important factor in understanding nutritional intake. For human skeletal remains, it is a useful metric to assess quality of life in both juveniles and adults, particularly in fatal starvation and neglect cases. This paper provides guidelines for scanning human skeletal remains for forensic purposes.
11:49
Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic ‘Touch DNA’ Evidence
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Cited by 26 •
2015
Here we describe an optimized and efficient removal strategy for the collection of bio-particles present in ‘touch DNA’ samples, together with an enhanced amplification protocol involving a one-step 5 µl micro-volume lysis/STR amplification, to permit the recovery of short tandem repeat (STR) profiles of the bio-particle donor(s).
02:58
Regulated Protein Degradation
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2020
It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells. Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
02:11
Proteins: From Genes to Degradation
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2020
Within a biological system, the DNA encodes the RNA, and the nucleotide sequence in the RNA further defines the amino acid sequence in the protein. This is referred to as “The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology” - a term coined by Francis Crick. Central dogma is a firm principle in biology that defines the flow of genetic information within any life form. The two fundamental steps in central dogma are - transcription and translation. Transcription is the synthesis of RNA molecules by RNA...
10:56
Assays for the Degradation of Misfolded Proteins in Cells
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Cited by 5 •
2016
This report describes protocols for measuring degradation rates of misfolded proteins by either western blot or fluorescence-based assays. The methods can be applied to analysis of other misfolded proteins and for high throughput screening.
FAQs
Damage affects forensic genetics in two linked ways: it shortens DNA into fragments and can leave inhibitors that interfere with amplification. As a result, even recovered material may not yield a complete genetic profile. Recognizing these limitations guides the choice of assays designed for limited or fragmented templates.
STR profiling, mitochondrial DNA analysis, and SNP testing provide complementary analytical options when conventional genetic profiles are incomplete. The overview identifies each as a useful approach for degraded material, allowing forensic workflows to pursue identification or relationship analysis through different types of genetic testing rather than relying on one assay alone.
Heat, moisture, microbes, and chemicals can damage both cellular material and its genetic components. The resulting condition of a sample affects how much usable DNA remains, whether inhibitors are present, and how successfully downstream amplification can proceed. These exposure-related differences help explain why recovered remains may produce uneven or incomplete genetic results.
A basic workflow combines careful DNA extraction, DNA quantification, and assays designed for limited or fragmented templates. Extraction recovers genetic material, quantification assesses the material available for testing, and the selected assays support downstream STR, mitochondrial DNA, or SNP analysis. Together, these steps address the constraints created by degradation.
Genetic testing can support identification when remains are difficult to analyze through conventional profiling. STR profiling, mitochondrial DNA analysis, and SNP testing are among the approaches used in this context. Even when the resulting profile is incomplete, the available genetic information can contribute to interpreting an unknown individual’s identity.
Degraded forensic remains can provide genetic information for assessing biological relationships, although damage may limit the completeness of the results. A workflow that combines extraction, quantification, and suitable assays helps preserve the opportunity for analysis. STR, mitochondrial DNA, and SNP testing are identified as approaches that can support relationship assessment.
Degradation can produce short DNA fragments and introduce inhibitors, reducing amplification and limiting the profile obtained. Therefore, an incomplete result reflects constraints in the recovered template rather than necessarily the absence of useful genetic information. Forensic workflows address this problem with careful processing and assays intended for limited or fragmented DNA.