Anti-tumor Immunity
Anti-tumor Immunity - Related Videos
Isolation of Immune Cells from Primary Tumors
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Cited by 18 •
2012
In this report, we describe a protocol for isolating highly purified populations of leukocytes that infiltrate tumors. This protocol is adapted from the Miltenyi Biotech protocol to enhance yield and purity for isolating cells from complex tumor tissue.
04:13
A Technique to Assess the In Vivo Localization of Tumor-Specific Antibodies
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2025
This video demonstrates a technique to study the in vivo localization of tumor-specific antibodies in a mouse tumor xenograft model. Upon subcutaneously injecting cancer cells into mice for tumor formation, fluorescently-labeled antibodies are injected that bind to tumor-specific receptors, enabling in vivo assessment of antibody localization via imaging.
02:39
An In Vivo PET Imaging Technique to Detect Tumors in a Murine Model Using Radiolabeled Antibodies
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2025
This video demonstrates a technique involving a radioimmunoconjugate for the in vivo imaging of a tumor in a mouse model. Upon injection of the radioimmunoconjugate, the antibodies of the conjugate bind to a specific membrane antigen on the cancer cells. The radiotracer of the conjugate emits positrons that interact with neighboring electrons to produce energy, which is detected by a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner to create an image of the tumor.
06:18
Isolating Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells from a Murine Brain
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2025
The video demonstrates the isolation of tumor-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a mouse brain using mechanical dissociation and enzymatic digestion. This is followed by density gradient centrifugation to collect the immune cells for further analysis.
03:10
In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging to Localize Antibodies in a Mouse Tumor Xenograft Model
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2025
The video demonstrates a fluorescence imaging method for in vivo antibody localization in a mouse tumor xenograft model. It involves the injection of tumor cells in a mouse to generate solid xenografts beneath the skin. Subsequent injection of fluorescent antibodies confirms specific localization through enhanced fluorescence signals within the tumor xenograft.
FAQs
Tumor-associated antigens must first be captured by antigen-presenting cells, which then display antigenic information to T lymphocytes. This presentation provides the activating signal that enables T cells to recognize malignant targets and develop cytotoxic activity. The process links tumor biology to adaptive immune activation and helps explain why antigen visibility is important for effective immune elimination.
Cytotoxic T cells respond after antigen-specific activation through presentation by antigen-presenting cells, allowing them to direct killing toward cells displaying relevant tumor-associated antigens. Natural killer cells use a different recognition pattern: they can detect stressed cells that have reduced normal recognition signals. These complementary pathways broaden immune surveillance when tumors vary in antigen presentation or cellular signals.
Tumors can suppress immune activity through two related strategies: creating a local microenvironment that restrains immune responses and engaging inhibitory checkpoint pathways such as PD-1 and CTLA-4. These mechanisms reduce the effectiveness of activated immune cells, allowing malignant cells to persist despite recognition. Their importance provides a mechanistic basis for therapies designed to release checkpoint-mediated inhibition.
Checkpoint inhibitors are designed to counter inhibitory pathways that tumors exploit, including PD-1 and CTLA-4 signaling. By reducing this immune restraint, they can support the activity of tumor-reactive lymphocytes rather than introducing an entirely new recognition system. Their use reflects a therapeutic strategy focused on restoring or amplifying existing immune responses against malignant cells.
Adoptive cell therapies and therapeutic vaccines represent distinct ways to enhance immune responses against cancer. Adoptive approaches use immune cells as the therapeutic focus, whereas vaccines aim to promote recognition of tumor-associated antigens. Both approaches are grounded in the interaction between malignant cells and lymphocytes, but they emphasize different points in the process of generating effective anti-tumor activity.
Biomarkers can help identify which tumors or patients are more likely to respond to immune-based treatments. Their value comes from reflecting features of antigen recognition, inhibitory checkpoint activity, or the immunosuppressive tumor environment. In cancer research, this supports treatment selection and interpretation of outcomes, while also helping investigators connect immune mechanisms with differences in therapeutic response.