Hla-dr Restricted Epitopes
Hla-dr Restricted Epitopes - Related Videos
10:37
Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix
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Cited by 2 •
2021
Based on a hepatitis B virus (HBV)-derived peptide matrix, HBV-specific CD4 T-cell responses could be evaluated in parallel with identification of HBV-specific CD4 T-cell epitopes.
08:07
Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation
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Cited by 2 •
2017
Mismatches in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) sequences between organ donor and recipient pairs are the major cause of antibody-mediated rejection in organ transplantation. Here we present the use of custom antigen arrays that are based on individual donors' HLA sequences to probe anti-donor HLA alloantibodies in organ recipients.
03:15
A Peptide Array-Based Detection of Anti-donor HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Recipients
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2025
This video demonstrates an assay to detect anti-donor HLA alloantibodies in organ recipients. A peptide array is synthesized to represent potential epitopes for antibody-mediated organ rejection. The array is incubated with the recipient's serum, containing alloantibodies that bind to their target epitopes. Antibody binding is detected using chemiluminescence to identify donor-specific HLA epitopes that incite alloantibody reactivity.
13:41
Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
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Cited by 9 •
2012
Characterizing T-cell epitopes of pathogens that cause localized infections such as human papillomavirus is a challenge because of limited number of T cells in circulation. A method is described in which rare T cells were isolated and were characterized starting with a very small number of cells.
09:45
Restriction Enzyme Digests
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2023
Restriction enzymes or endonucleases recognize and cut DNA at a specific sequence. These enzymes occur naturally in bacteria as a defense against bacteriophages - viruses that infect bacteria. Bacterial restriction enzymes cut the invading bacteriophage DNA while leaving the bacterial genomic DNA unharmed due to addition of methyl groups. This video explains the basic principles of restriction enzymes including: how restriction enzymes are named and the types of recognition sites and...
FAQs
Antigen processing begins when an antigen-presenting cell internalizes a protein and directs it to endosomal compartments. Enzymatic digestion there generates peptide fragments, some of which can be loaded into the HLA-DR binding groove. Consequently, the resulting repertoire of presented sequences depends on how pathogen-derived proteins are processed before T-cell recognition occurs.
The peptide-HLA-DR complex provides the molecular structure recognized by a specific T-cell receptor. This interaction links a processed antigen fragment to a defined CD4+ T-cell response, rather than exposing the entire protein directly to the lymphocyte. Studying these complexes therefore helps connect particular pathogen sequences with antigen-specific immune activity.
Recognition by the appropriate CD4+ T-cell receptor can initiate cytokine production or other immune responses. These outcomes provide measurable evidence that a particular peptide has been processed, presented, and recognized in an antigen-specific manner. Examining the response helps characterize how host immunity reacts to proteins from an infectious agent.
During infection, pathogen-derived proteins can enter the antigen-processing pathway of antigen-presenting cells. Endosomal digestion converts those proteins into peptide fragments, creating opportunities for selected sequences to associate with HLA-DR and engage CD4+ T cells. This connection clarifies how microbial proteins are translated into adaptive immune recognition.
Researchers can use identified HLA-DR-restricted epitopes to associate individual peptide sequences with responses from antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. Such mapping helps characterize host immunity to infectious agents by linking a defined portion of a pathogen-derived protein to T-cell recognition and resulting immune activity, including cytokine production.
Epitope identification provides information about which pathogen-derived peptide sequences can participate in HLA-DR presentation and CD4+ T-cell recognition. That information can guide vaccine design, support immune monitoring, and contribute to immunotherapy development. It also offers a way to evaluate host responses at the level of defined antigenic sequences rather than whole proteins alone.