Rectal Cancer Surgery
Rectal Cancer Surgery - Related Videos
09:39
Male Rectal Exam
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2023
Source: Joseph Donroe, MD, Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT While its usefulness in cancer screening is debated, the male rectal examination remains an important part of the physical exam. The exam is indicated in selected patients with lower urinary tract symptoms, urinary and/or fecal incontinence or retention, back pain, anorectal symptoms, abdominal complaints, trauma patients, unexplained anemia, weight loss, or bone pain. There are no absolute...
04:09
The Pocket-Creation Procedure of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Large Rectal Laterally Spreading Tumors
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Cited by 1 •
2026
This study details a standardized PCM-ESD protocol for resecting large rectal LSTs, aiming to enhance dissection speed and prevent transmural perforation via submucosal tunneling.
11:49
Single-port Non-liposuction Endoscopic Axillary Lymph Node Dissection in Breast Cancer Surgery
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2026
This study describes a standardized surgical procedure for single-port endoscopic axillary lymph node dissection without liposuction in breast cancer. Indicated for patients with biopsy-confirmed nodal metastasis or positive sentinel lymph nodes, the technique emphasizes preservation of critical structures, particularly the intercostobrachial nerve, to reduce postoperative morbidity and optimize functional recovery.
12:13
Considerations for Rodent Surgery
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2016
Source: Kay Stewart, RVT, RLATG, CMAR; Valerie A. Schroeder, RVT, RLATG. University of Notre Dame, IN The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals1 dictates that rodent survival surgery be performed aseptically. Aseptic technique utilizes specific practices that minimize the contamination of the surgical site, including patient preparation, surgeon preparation, sterilization of instruments and other supplies, and the use of a clean and controlled environment. Presurgical planning,...
01:27
Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal
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2025
Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading. Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment: Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection. Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
FAQs
Total mesorectal excision removes the rectum together with its enveloping tissue within an intact anatomical plane. This approach supports removal of the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes as a single surgical specimen, contributing to cancer control and accurate staging. Its anatomical focus also helps surgeons plan reconstruction and assess whether bowel function can be preserved.
The tumor’s location, cancer stage, and response to chemoradiation help determine which surgical approach is appropriate. These factors guide selection among local excision, low anterior resection, and abdominoperineal resection, while also informing decisions about sphincter preservation. Consequently, the operation is individualized rather than selected solely by the presence of a rectal tumor.
Sphincter preservation is considered alongside cancer control and expected bowel function. When feasible, preserving the sphincter may support avoidance of a permanent stoma and influence postoperative quality of life, but the choice depends on tumor characteristics and the overall surgical plan. Surgeons therefore balance functional goals with complete treatment of the cancer.
These procedures represent different operative strategies selected according to tumor location, stage, and treatment response. Local excision removes the tumor through a more limited approach, whereas low anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection involves broader removal of rectal structures. The selected operation affects whether bowel reconnection, temporary diversion, or a permanent stoma is required.
The surgical plan includes removing the tumor with surrounding tissue and regional lymph nodes, then determining how bowel continuity will be managed. Depending on the operation, the bowel may be reconnected, or a temporary or permanent stoma may be created. These choices are integrated with the goals of cancer control, staging, and bowel-function preservation.
A stoma may be created when the bowel is not reconnected directly, and its duration depends on the selected operation and surgical plan. Some patients receive a temporary stoma, while others require a permanent one. The decision is linked to tumor location, the feasibility of reconstruction, and the aim of preserving function without compromising cancer treatment.