Energy Metabolism
Energy Metabolism - Related Videos
10:19
An Introduction to Cell Metabolism
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2023
In cells, critical molecules are either built by joining together individual units like amino acids or nucleotides, or broken down into smaller components. Respectively, the reactions responsible for this are referred to as anabolic and catabolic. These reactions require or produce energy typically in the form of a “high-energy” molecule called ATP. Together, these processes make up “Cell Metabolism,” and are hallmarks of healthy, living cells.JoVE’s introduction to cell metabolism briefly...
04:41
Real-Time Monitoring of Energy Metabolism in Human NK Cells Using an Extracellular Flux Analyzer
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2025
This video demonstrates the method to analyze energy metabolism in activated human NK cells using an extracellular flux analyzer. Different inhibitors of the electron transport chain complexes impact ATP synthesis, which is measured through the oxygen consumption rate or OCR, providing insights into cellular metabolism and bioenergetics.
03:15
Energy Dynamics - Concepts
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2019
The Food Chain Energy is one of the most important abiotic factors in an ecosystem and organisms in an ecosystem are connected by the flow of energy and matter among one another. Since energy can be neither created nor destroyed, it can only change form or be transferred to the next organism in a food chain. For example, every time a cow grazes on grass or an osprey hunts and consumes fish, energy is transferred from the consumed organism to the consumer. Each of these interactions in a food...
10:19
Measurement of Energy Metabolism in Explanted Retinal Tissue Using Extracellular Flux Analysis
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Cited by 16 •
2019
This technique describes real time recording of oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates in explanted mouse retinal tissues using an extracellular flux analyzer.
05:41
Metabolic Profile Analysis of Zebrafish Embryos
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Cited by 42 •
2013
Zebrafish represent a powerful vertebrate model that has been under-utilised for metabolic studies. Here we describe a rapid way to measure the in vivo metabolic profile of developing zebrafish that allows the comparison of different mitochondrial function parameters between genetically or pharmacologically manipulated embryos, thereby increasing the applicability of this organism.
FAQs
A proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane links electron transport to ATP production. Electron transport establishes a difference in proton concentration, and oxidative phosphorylation uses stored electrochemical energy to drive ATP synthesis. Drugs that interfere with either gradient formation or its use can reduce cellular ATP availability, helping explain impaired function and mitochondrial toxicity.
Glucose, fatty acids, and other substrates provide alternative inputs into the energy-producing network. Their breakdown feeds glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, which then connect with electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. Because these stages are linked, a drug that changes substrate processing or downstream energy conversion may alter ATP production and cellular function. This perspective helps interpret metabolic drug effects.
They are sequential but not interchangeable stages. Glycolysis processes glucose, while oxidative phosphorylation uses the proton gradient generated through electron transport to drive ATP synthesis. This distinction identifies different points at which energy production can be altered. In pharmacology, separating these stages helps connect a drug’s effect on a pathway component with its broader impact on cellular energy availability.
Changes in ATP production can modify how cells maintain normal function, so they may also change the response to a drug. Pharmacology uses this relationship to connect pathway effects with observed drug responses rather than treating metabolism as an isolated process. The framework is especially useful when a compound alters cellular energy production and the resulting response depends on energy availability.
Mitochondrial toxicity matters because interference with mitochondrial energy production can compromise ATP availability and cellular function. Examining energy metabolism therefore provides a way to relate a drug’s action to potential metabolic injury. This connection is important in pharmacology because drug effects on mitochondria may appear not only as pathway changes, but also as broader loss of cellular performance.
Knowledge of energy metabolism supports therapies for metabolic disorders, cancer, and conditions involving impaired mitochondrial function. Pathway understanding helps show how altered nutrient processing, electron transport, or oxidative phosphorylation relates to disease biology and treatment response. This makes metabolism a useful pharmacological context for linking molecular pathways with therapeutic strategies.