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HIGH SCHOOL

Biology

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Molecular Biology

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Analyzing Gene Expression and Function

SNPs as Genetic Markers and Variants

Description

Single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs, are small DNA changes at one specific genomic position. They are the most common type of sequence variation in the human genome. A point mutation counts as an SNP when it appears in more than 1% of the population.

Transcript

当比较多个人类基因组时,可观察到序列中的差异。

由于一个核苷酸被替换而产生的变异称为单核苷酸多态性,或SNPs。

由于插入或缺失长度小于一千个碱基对的核苷酸序列而引起的变异称为插入缺失突变(indel)。

如果核苷酸的插入或缺失在同一个基因组中被复制了可变的次数,则称为拷贝数变异(CNV)。通常,CNV 涉及长度超过一个千碱基的较长 DNA 片段。

单体型是一组从单一亲本遗传的基因。基因组可被划分为包含多态性簇的单体型区域。

由于每次减数分裂过程中同源染色体之间发生的交换事件较少,单倍型区块在世代间以连锁的形式遗传。

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