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Anaphase Start and Chromatid Release
Description
Anaphase starts when sister chromatids are released from one another and pulled toward opposite spindle poles. Before that happens, cohesion along the chromosomal arms is reduced from prophase to metaphase, which helps the sister chromatids resolve. A residual cohesin link still holds them together until the metaphase-to-ana...
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Transcript
在中期末期,双定向的染色体排列在赤道板上。在此阶段,黏连蛋白环状复合物在着丝粒区域将姐妹染色单体结合在一起,防止它们被拉开。
从中期到后期的进程由细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(cyclin-Cdk)介导的磷酸化作用触发,该作用针对一种多亚基泛素连接酶——后期促进复合物(anaphase-promoting complex),也称为周期素体或APC/C。磷酸化的APC/C与一种蛋白质Cdc20结合,形成具有活性的复合物。
活化的APC/C复合物可识别一种与蛋白酶酶(称为分离酶)结合的抑制蛋白,即黏连蛋白抑制因子(securin)。在此识别之前,黏连蛋白抑制因子抑制分离酶的活性。
活化的APC/C复合物通过泛素蛋白标记纺锤体检查点蛋白(securin),...
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