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Temperature and Heat

Heat and Phase Change Energy

Description

Heat and phase change energy explain why substances melt, freeze, boil, and condense. A solid turns into a liquid during melting, also called fusion. The reverse process is freezing. A liquid turns into a gas during evaporation. The reverse process is condensation.

Each substance changes phase at...

Transcript

物质主要分为三种不同的状态:固态、液态和气态。

当温度改变时,一种物态会转变为另一种物态。这种现象称为相变,且相变在本质上是可逆的。

加热时,固体会转变为液体,此过程称为熔化,而相反过程则称为凝固。

对于质量为“m”的材料,在此相变过程中吸收或释放的热量可通过熔化热来计算,熔化热是指单位质量物质在相变过程中所需吸收或释放的能量。

类似地,如果液体被加热,会转化为气体,该过程称为汽化或沸腾。当气体冷却时,转变为液体的过程称为凝结。

单位质量的物质在液相与气相之间发生相变时所需吸收或释放的能量称为汽化热,其中 Q 表示吸收或释放的热量。

一些材料(如干冰)可以直接从固态转变为气态,这一过程称为升华。

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