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Temperature and Heat

Golden Gate Bridge Thermal Expansion

Description

Thermal expansion and thermal stress are shown through the Golden Gate Bridge. The bridge faces temperatures from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span is 1275 m long. Assuming the bridge is made entirely of steel, the example asks for the change in its length across this temperature range.

Transcript

将一根长75厘米的金属丝置于450摄氏度的炉内。若金属丝长度变为75.77厘米,且室温为20摄氏度,求该金属丝材料的线膨胀系数。

冷却后,将导线的两端固定在支架上,并置于200摄氏度的炉内。若杨氏模量为7.0 × 1010 帕斯卡,评估所产生的热应力,并确定该导线的材料。

导线的线膨胀系数取决于初始长度、温度梯度以及长度的变化,其值计算为 2.4 × 10-5 每摄氏度。

此外,可利用材料的杨氏模量、温度梯度和线膨胀系数来计算所产生的热应力,其值为 3.02 × 102 兆帕。

膨胀系数和杨氏模量的数值表明,该导线最有可能由铝制成。

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