Carbene Complex
Carbene Complex - Related Videos
19:58
Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
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Cited by 1 •
2017
Detailed and generalized protocols are presented for the synthesis and subsequent purification of four palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes from benzimidazolium salts. The complexes were tested for catalytic activity in arylation and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. For each reaction investigated, at least one of the four complexes successfully catalyzed the reaction.
10:44
Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals
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Cited by 5 •
2019
We present protocols for the isolation of stable heterocyclic carbenes. The synthesis of a cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene (CAAC) and an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) is demonstrated using filter cannulas and Schlenk technique. We furthermore present the synthesis of the related oxygen-sensitive, electron-rich mixed “Wanzlick dimer” and the reduced stable organic radical.
14:07
Preparation and Use of Carbonyl-decorated Carbenes in the Activation of White Phosphorus
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Cited by 2 •
2014
Here, we present a protocol for the synthesis of two carbonyl-decorated carbenes. The protocol makes these interesting compounds readily available to chemists of all skill levels. In addition to the synthesis of these two carbenes, their use in the activation of white phosphorus is also described.
12:19
Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization
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Cited by 2 •
2018
We describe a protocol to photogenerate N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) by UV irradiation of a 2-isopropylthioxanthone/imidazolium tetraphenylborate salt system. Methods to characterize the photoreleased NHC and elucidate the photochemical mechanism are proposed. The protocols for ring-opening metathesis photopolymerization in solution and miniemulsion illustrate the potential of this 2-component NHC photogenerating system.
08:42
Coordination Chemistry Complexes
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Dr. Neal Abrams — SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Transition metals are found everywhere from vitamin supplements to electroplating baths. Transition metals also make up the pigments in many paints and compose all minerals. Typically, transition metals are found in the cationic form since they readily oxidize, or lose electrons, and are surrounded by electron donors called ligands. These ligands do not form ionic or covalent bonds with the metal center,...
FAQs
The carbene carbon donates through a sigma bond to the metal, while metal orbitals can return electron density through pi back-donation into the carbene’s empty orbital. These complementary interactions help stabilize the carbene and make the metal–carbon bond responsive to the metal, ligand environment, and oxidation state. Their balance is central to understanding complex behavior.
The metal influences the available orbitals for bonding, ligands alter the electronic and steric environment around the metal, and oxidation state changes the metal’s bonding situation. Because these factors operate together, they can affect how strongly the carbene is stabilized and how the complex behaves in catalytic or alkene-activation settings. This tunability enables purposeful comparison.
N-heterocyclic carbene ligands are especially useful because they combine strong sigma donation with adjustable steric environments. This combination lets chemists modify the space around the metal while retaining a strongly donating ligand framework. Comparing complexes with different N-heterocyclic carbene environments can therefore clarify how ligand design influences metal–carbon bonding and catalytic behavior.
The metal–carbon bond provides a stabilizing interaction that makes the carbene accessible within a tunable organometallic platform. As a result, researchers can examine metal–carbon bonding and investigate catalytic chemistry using a coordinated form rather than focusing only on the highly reactive carbene itself. This stabilization supports controlled comparisons among metals, ligands, and oxidation states.
Their catalytic relevance includes olefin metathesis, carbon–carbon bond formation, and transformations involving alkene activation. In these settings, the complex serves as a tunable metal–carbon platform whose bonding can be related to the chosen metal, ligands, and oxidation state. This makes carbene complexes useful for connecting catalyst structure with reaction type.
They allow researchers to investigate metal–carbon bonding under systematically varied metal, ligand, and oxidation-state conditions. They also show how changes in these variables relate to carbene stabilization and catalytic transformations, including alkene activation. This makes them useful both as model systems in organometallic chemistry and as platforms for catalyst development.